[영어 중간고사] 지하철에서 영어 시험 공부 하기

영어 1차시 2강
- 1 -
영어
1차시 2강 The Ice Hotel
* 학습목표
다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 영어의 5가지 문형, 전치사, 수동태, should 용법, every / each
용법을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 단어 ․ 숙어 표현
2. 영어의 5형식 구조
3. 전치사
4. 수동태
5. should 용법
6. every/each 용법
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 단어 ․ 숙어 표현
Are you into skiing? Is winter your favorite time of year? If you like snow and
ice, maybe you should stay at the Ice Hotel in Quebec, Canada. But, you can only
check in at this hotel during the winter. Why? Because this hotel is only made of
ice and snow! This amazing hotel is built every December. It has 32 rooms and 80
people can stay there each night. The hotel even has a movie theater, art gallery,
and church. Of course, all of these parts of the hotel are made of ice. In fact, all
the furniture, art, lights, and even plates and drinking glasses are made out of ice.
당신은 스키 타는 것을 좋아하십니까? 겨울이 일년 중 당신이 좋아하는 시기입니까? 만일
당신이 눈과 얼음을 좋아한다면, 아마도 당신은 캐나다의 퀘벡에 있는 얼음 호텔에 가셔야
할 것입니다. 그러나 당신은 이 호텔에 겨울에만 숙박할 수 있습니다. 왜냐고요? 이 호텔이
얼음과 눈으로만 지어졌기 때문이죠. 이 놀라운 호텔은 매년 12월에 지어집니다. 그것은 32개의
방을 가지고 있으며, 매일 밤 80명의 사람들이 그곳에 머무를 수 있습니다. 그 호텔에는
심지어 영화관, 미술관, 교회도 있습니다. 물론, 그 호텔의 이러한 모든 부분은 얼음으로
만들어져 있습니다. 실제로 모든 가구와 미술품과 조명들, 심지어 접시와 유리잔까지도 얼음
으로 만든 것입니다.
- 다양한 단어 ․ 숙어 표현 -
Are you into skiing?--> be into ~ing: ~하는 것을 즐기다
Is winter your favorite time of year?--> favorite: 가장 좋아하는
If you like snow and ice, maybe you should stay at the Ice Hotel in Quebec, Canada.
-->stay at~: ~에 머무르다
영어 1차시 2강
- 2 -
But, you can only check in at this hotel during the winter.
--> check in: 숙박 수속을 하다
during: ~동안
Because this hotel is only made of ice and snow!/In fact, all the furniture, art, lights,
and even plates and drinking glasses are made out of ice.
--> be made (out) of: ~로 만들어지다
in fact: 사실상, 실제로는
furniture: 가구, 비품
plate: 접시; 한 접시분; 조각; 도금판; 틀니 한 벌
This amazing hotel is built every December.
--> amazing: 놀라운
Of course, all of these parts of the hotel are made of ice.
--> Of course: 물론
2. 영어의 5형식 구조
1형식 : 주어 +완전자동사 ex) I can stay here.
2형식 : 주어 +불완전자동사 +주격보어 ex) Winter is my favorite time of year.
3형식 : 주어 +완전타동사 +목적어 ex) I like snow and ice.
4형식 : 주어 +완전타동사 +간접목적어 +직접목적어 ex) He gave me a book.
5형식 : 주어 +불완전타동사 +목적어 +목적격 보어 ex) This keeps me cozy and warm.
3. 전치사란? 명사, 대명사 등의 앞에 놓인다고 해서 붙여진 명칭으로 때, 장소, 방향등을 나타낸다.
at : 비교적 좁은 장소에 쓰이는 전치사
in : 비교적 넓은 장소에 쓰이는 전치사
during : 일반적으로 특정기간을 나타내며 the+명사의 형태로 쓰이는 전치사
ex) You should stay at the Ice Hotel in Quebec, Canada.
You can only check in at this hotel during the winter.
4. 수동태란? 주어가 다른 것에 의해 동작을 받는 형태로 ‘주어가 ~에 의해~을 당하다’의
뜻으로 쓰임.
수동태의 기본 문형: be + p.p(past participle) + by 행위자
수동태가 주로 쓰이는 경우
① 행위자가 불분명할 때 ex) He was killed in the battle.
② 행위자가 일반인인 경우 ex) French is spoken in France.
③ 수동태의 주어 강조 ex) He was laughed at by his wife.
④ 행위자를 나타낼 필요가 없을 때 ex) The building was built ten years ago(by somebody).
ex) Because this hotel is only made of ice and snow! --> 보통 수동태에서는 by +
목적격으로 행위자를 나타내지만, by 이외의 전치사를 쓰는 경우도 있다.
This amazing hotel is built every December. --> 행위자를 나타낼 필요가 없을 경우
참고) make - made(과거형) - made(과거분사형) / build - built(과거형) - built(과거분사형)
영어 1차시 2강
- 3 -
5. should의 용법
① 의무나 충고 ex) You should stay at the Ice Hotel.
② 주관적 판단이나 감정 강조 ex) It is natural that Jane should burst into tears.
③ 충고, 제안, 소망, 주장, 명령 ex) The professor ordered that I should go home.
④ 관용표현 ex) I work hard lest I should fail.
6. every / each 용법
① every : ‘모든’이란 뜻의 형용사로 every+단수명사의 형태로 쓰이며 단수 취급된다.
ex) This amazing hotel is built every December.
② each : ‘각각의’ 란 뜻의 대명사, 형용사로 each of+복수명사, each+단수명사 형태로
쓰이며 단수 취급된다.
ex) 80 people can stay there each night.
< 정 리 하 기 >
문장의 5형식, 전치사, 수동태, should 용법, every/each용법, be into, check in, be made (out) of
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is the main idea of this reading?
a. How the Ice Hotel is built
b. What makes the Ice Hotel special
c. Why the Ice Hotel is made of ice
d. The services of the Ice Hotel
2) What can you do in the hotel?
a. Watch a movie b. Get married
c. Eat an interesting meal d. All of the above
3) What do you think happens to this hotel in the spring?
a. It freezes. b. It melts.
c. It stays open. d. It moves.
< 잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막 >
Monica : You can't live off your parents your whole life.
너는 평생동안 네 부모님께 의존하며 살 수는 없어.
Rachel : I know that. That's why I was getting married.
나도 그것을 알고 있어. 그것이 바로 내가 결혼하려했던 이유지.
live off: ~에게 의존하여 살다
that's why~:그것이 바로 ~하는 이유다
get married:결혼하다

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영어 1차시 3강
- 1 -
영어
1차시 3강 Food Firsts
* 학습목표
다양한 숙어적 표현의 뜻을 익히고, 조동사 may, the+형용사, 과거진행형, 동등비교를
살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문읽기 및 다양한 단어 ․ 숙어 표현
2. 조동사 may 용법
3. the+형용사 용법
4. 과거진행형
5. 동등비교
2. 학습하기
Where do our favorite foods come from? The truth may surprise you. Did you
know curry isn't Indian? Did you know Americans weren't the first eat hamburgers?
Or did you know pizza wasn't created in Italy?
First, let's talk about curry. Many people think the English found out about curry
from people in India in the 1600s. But in reality, wealthy English people were
cooking with curry spices hundreds of years before British ships traveled to India.
In fact, the word "curry" can be found in the English language as far back as 1377.
Cooks of wealthy English families created curry dishes, and later these dishes
caught on in other parts of England.
우리가 가장 좋아하는 음식은 어디에서 온 것일까요? 진실은 당신을 놀라게 할 지도 모릅니다.
여러분은 카레가 인도음식이 아니라는 것을 알고 있었나요? 여러분은 햄버거를 처음 먹은
사람들이 미국인들이 아니라는 것을 알고 있었나요? 혹은 여러분은 피자가 이탈리아에서
생겨나지 않았다는 것도 알고 있었나요?
우선, 카레에 대해 이야기해 봅시다. 많은 사람들은 영국 사람들이 17세기에 인도 사람들을
통해 카레에 관해 알게 되었다고 생각합니다. 하지만 실제로는 부유한 영국인들은 영국 배가
인도여행을 하기 수백 년 전에 이미 카레 양념을 넣어 요리를 하고 있었습니다.
“카레”라는 단어도 실제로 1377년부터 영어에 등장합니다. 부유한 영국 가문의 요리사들이
카레 요리를 탄생시켰으며, 나중에 이 요리가 영국의 다른 지역에서 인기를 얻게 되었습니다.
- 다양한 단어 ․ 숙어 표현 -
Where do our favorite foods come from?
--> come from:~에서 오다
The truth may surprise you.
--> truth : 진실
surprise : ~를 놀라게 하다
영어 1차시 3강
- 2 -
Did you know Americans weren't the first to eat hamburgers?
--> weren't = were not의 줄임말
참고) be 동사의 과거형 -> was(단수 주어) / were(복수주어)
Or did you know pizza wasn't created in Italy?
--> wasn't = was not의 줄임말
create :~을 창조하다;~을 일으키다
First, let's talk about curry.
--> First : 우선
let's = let us의 줄임말로 ‘~합시다’라는 권유의 표현
talk about : ~에 관해서 이야기하다
curry : 카레
Many people think the English found out about curry from people in India in the 1600s.
--> find out(about) : ~을 발견하다, 찾다
But in reality, wealthy English people were cooking with curry spices hundreds of years
before British ships traveled to India.
--> in reality : 사실은
wealthy : 부유한
spice : 양념
hundreds of : 수백의
ship : 배
travel to : ~로 여행가다
In fact, the word "curry" can be found in the English language as far back as 1377.
--> In fact : 사실, 요컨대
language: 언어
Cooks of wealthy English families created curry dishes, and later these dishes
caught on in other parts of England.
--> dish : 접시; 요리
catch on: 유행하다
참고) catch - caught(과거) - caught(과거분사형)
2. 조동사 may 용법
① 허가(~해도 좋다) ex) May I use your cell phone?
② 불확실한 추측(~일지도 모른다) ex) The truth may surprise you.
③ 기원(~하소서) ex) May you succeed!
④ 양보(비록~일지라도) ex) Whatever she may say, I will not change my mind.
⑤ 관용적 용법
-> may well +동사원형 : ~하는 것은 당연하다
may as well +동사원형 : ~하는 것이 더 낫다
ex) You may well say so.
You may as well postpone the plan.
영어 1차시 3강
- 3 -
3. the +형용사 용법
① the +형용사 = 복수 보통명사 -> ~한 사람들
ex) the English=English people
② the +형용사 = 추상명사(단수 취급)
ex) the beautiful = beauty, the good = goodness
③ the +형용사 = 단수 보통명사
ex) the deceased(故人), the accused(피고인)
4. 과거 진행형
과거 진행형이란? was(were)+~ing 형식으로 과거의 어느 시점에서 진행되었거나 반복
되었던 동작이나 상태를 표현하는 방식
ex) Wealthy English people were cooking with curry spices hundreds of years
before British ships traveled to India.
5. 동등비교 : as +원급 +as : ~만큼 ~한
ex) In fact, the word "curry" can be found in the English language as far back as 1377.
동등비교의 부정은 not as(so) +원급 +as이며, ‘~만큼 ~하지 않은’ 뜻을 나타낸다.
ex) He is not as(so) smart as John.
< 정 리 하 기 >
조동사 may 용법 / the +형용사 용법 / 과거진행형 / 동등비교 / catch on / find out 의미 재확인
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Curry was created in England.
b. There are many foods that help your body.
c. People created fast food long ago.
d. Some foods come from surprising places.
2) Which is probably true about British curry dishes in the 1400s?
a. The dishes did not have meat.
b. The spices cost a lot.
c. People ate curry on special days.
d. British sailors first made curry.
< 잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막 >
Ross : You know you probably didn't know this, but back in high school, I had a,
um, ㅡmajor crush on you.
아마도 너는 이것을 몰랐겠지만, 고등학교 시절에 내가 너에게 아주 홀딱 반했었어.
Rachel : I knew.
나도 알고 있었어.
have a crush on a person:~에게 첫 눈에 반하다, 홀딱 반하다

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영어 2차시 1강
- 1 -
영어
2차시 1강 Typhoon Who?
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 분사, 비교급 more, 4형식 구문, 가목적어, 진목적어를
갖는 5형식 구문, 조동사 can의 용법을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 분사
3. 비교급 more
4. 4형식 구문
5. 가목적어, 진목적어의 5형식 구문
6. 조동사 can
1. 본문읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Tropical cyclones are called typhoons in Asia, and hurricanes in North and South
America. These storms go around like a wheel turning to the left. They have wind
speeds of 60 kph or more. They can be extremely destructive. In the United
States, the Tropical Prediction Center in Miami, Florida looks out for hurricanes.
When meteorologists detect a true hurricane, they give it a name. They can use
either a man's or woman's name. Why should tropical cyclones have names? The
name makes it easier for people to keep up with information about a hurricane and
its possible dangers.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Tropical cyclones are called typhoons in Asia, and hurricanes in North and South America.
--> tropical cyclone: 열대성 저기압
typhoon: 태풍
hurricane:대폭풍
These storms go around like a wheel turning to the left.
--> 지시형용사 this의 복수형-these
storm: 폭풍
go around: 회전하다
wheel: 수레바퀴
like:~처럼
turn to the left: 왼쪽으로 돌다
영어 2차시 1강
- 2 -
They have wind speeds of 60 kph or more.
--> wind speed: 풍속
kph: kilometer per hour 약자
They can be extremely destructive.
--> extremely: 극도로
destructive: 파괴적인
In the United States, the Tropical Prediction Center in Miami, Florida looks out for hurricanes.
--> prediction: 예보; 예언
look out for:~을 찾다; 감시하다
When meteorologists detect a true hurricane, they give it a name.
--> meteorologist: 기상학자
detect: ~을 찾아내다, 감지하다
They can use either a man's or woman's name.
그들은 남성이나 여성의 이름을 붙일 수도 있습니다.
--> either A or B: A와 B 둘 중에서 하나
The name makes it easier for people to keep up with information about a hurricane
and its possible dangers.
--> keep up with: 뒤떨어지지 않다, 따라가다
information: 정보
possible: 가능한
danger: 위험
2. 분사(Participle)
1) 분사란?
동사와 형용사의 성질을 나누어 가지고 있다고 해서 붙여진 명칭으로, 문장에서 형용사의
역할을 함.
2) 분사의 종류
(1) 현재분사 : 동사원형+~ing->능동, 진행의 의미
(2) 과거분사 : 동사원형+~ed->수동, 완료의 의미
3) 분사의 용법
(1) 한정용법 : 명사의 앞, 뒤에서 명사 수식
ex) He looked at the broken window.
These storms go around like a wheel turning to the left.
(2) 서술용법 : 주격보어, 목적격 보어
ex) She felt relieved when she finished her homework.
I saw her crying.
영어 2차시 1강
- 3 -
3. 비교급 more
many/much(원급)-more(비교급)-most(최상급)
4. 4형식 구문
1) 4형식 문형의 구조 : 주어 + 완전타동사(수여동사) + 간접목적어(~에게) + 직접목적어(~를)
ex) When meteorologists detect a true hurricane, they give it a name.
참고) 4형식 문형은 간접목적어를 직접목적어 뒤로 보낼 경우『전치사+간접목적어』형태의
부사구가 되어 3형식으로 변하며, pay, give, bring, hand, lend, send, write 등의
동사는 이 때 전치사 to를 쓴다.
ex) They give it a name-->They give a name to it.
5. 가목적어, 진목적어가 있는 5형식 구문
1) 5형식 구문 : 주어 + 불완전타동사 + 목적어 + 목적격보어(명사, 대명사, 형용사, 부정사,
현재분사, 과거분사)
ex) The name makes it easier for people to keep up with information about a
hurricane and its possible dangers.
위 예문은 5형식 구문으로 it은 가목적어, easier는 목적격 보어, for people은 to 부정사의
의미상의 주어, to 부정사는 진목적어
2) to 부정사의 의미상의 주어는 보통 for+목적격이나 사람의 성질이나 특징을 나타내는
형용사(good, kind, wise, polite, thoughtful, careful, cruel 등) 다음에 오는 부정사의
의미상의 주어는 of+목적격을 쓴다.
ex) It is very polite of her to say so.
6. 조동사 can의 용법
1) 가능성(~을 할 수 있다)
ex) They can use either a man's or a woman's name.
2) 허가(~해도 좋다)
ex) You can go home.
3) 강한 의혹(과연~일까?)
ex) Can the news be true?
4) 부정적 추측(~일 리가 없다)
ex) He can't have said so.
5) can을 사용한 관용 표현들
cannot help ~ing-=cannot but + 동사원형:~하지 않을 수 없다
ex) I cannot help crying.=I cannot but cry.
cannot~too:아무리 ~해도 지나치지 않다
ex) You cannot be too careful.
as~as can be: 더할 나위 없이
ex) She is as beautiful as can be.
영어 2차시 1강
- 4 -
< 학 습 정 리 >
분사/비교급 more/4형식 구문/가목적어, 진목적어를 가진 5형식 구문/조동사 can/look
out for/keep up with
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Why tropical cyclones are named
b. What tropical cyclones can do
c. How tropical cyclones are named
d. Who watched for tropical cyclones
2) In which direction do tropical cyclones go around?
a. Down
b. The same direction as a clock
c. The opposite direction of a clock
d. Around
3) Why should tropical cyclones have names?
a. It sounds interesting.
b. The names help people.
c. The names are a code for the WMO.
d. It is traditional.
< 잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막- >
Rachel: Okay, I know it was a cheap shot, but I feel so much better now.
좋아. 나도 그것이 비열한 짓 인건 알고 있어. 하지만 지금 기분이 훨씬 더 좋은 걸.
a cheap shot: 비열한 언동(짓) feel better: 기분이 한결 나아지다

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영어 2차시 2강
- 1 -
영어
2차시 2강 Just a Quick Nap
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 2형식 구문, 관사 생략, more 비교급, 복수 어미 생략,
타동사 +부사 어순을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 2형식 문형
3. 관사 생략
4. more 비교급
5. 복수어미 생략
6. 타동사+부사 어순
1. 본문읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch? Well, that's normal. Your body naturally
slows down then. What should you do about it? Don't reach for a coffee! Instead,
take a nap.
There are many benefits of a daily nap. First of all, you are more efficient after
napping. You remember things better and make fewer mistakes. Also, you can learn
things more easily after taking a nap. A 20-minute nap can reduce information
overload. It can also reduce stress. Finally, a nap may increase your
self-confidence and make you more alert. It may even cheer you up.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch?
--> a little: 약간
sleepy: 졸리는
Well, that's normal.
--> normal: 정상적인, 보통인
Your body naturally slows down then.
--> naturally: 자연스럽게
slow down: 느려지다
Don't reach for a coffee!
--> reach for: 손을 뻗다
영어 2차시 2강
- 2 -
Instead, take a nap.
--> instead:~대신에
take a nap: 낮잠 자다
There are many benefits of a daily nap.
--> benefit: 혜택, 이득, 이점
daily: 매일의
First of all, you are more efficient after napping.
--> first of all: 무엇보다
efficient: 능률적인
You remember things better and make fewer mistakes.
--> make a mistake: 실수 하다
A 20-minute nap can reduce information overload.
--> reduce: 감소시키다
information: 정보
overload: 과적, 과부하
Finally, a nap may increase your self-confidence and make you more alert. It may
even cheer you up.
--> increase: 증가 시키다
self-confidence: 자신감
alert: 기민한, 주의 깊은
cheer up:~을 격려하다
2. 2형식 구문: 주어+불완전자동사+주격보어(주어의 상태나 동작 설명)
1) be 동사 유형 ex) She is a pianist.
2) become형 동사 : become, grow, get, run, turn, fall, go, come 다음에 주격보어(명사나
형용사)가 오는 경우 ‘~이 되다’로 해석
ex) I turned a little pale.
3) remain형 동사 : remain, continue, keep, lie, hold 다음에 주격보어가 오면, ‘~한 상태가
되다’로 해석
ex) I tried to keep silent.
4) 지각동사 유형
feel, smell, sound, taste 다음에 형용사 주격보어가 오는 경우
ex) Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch?
5) 기타 동사 유형
appear, look, seem, prove, turn out 형의 동사
ex) She looks happy.
The letter proved (to be) true.
영어 2차시 2강
- 3 -
3. 관사의 생략
1) 호격, 가족을 지칭할 때
ex) Mother will come here.
2) 관직, 신분, 칭호 등을 나타내는 명사 앞
ex) She became Prime Minister.
3) 식사, 질병, 운동, 학과 이름 앞
ex) Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch?
4) by +교통, 통신 수단
ex) I arrived here by train.
5) 장소, 건물이 본래의 목적으로 사용되는 경우
ex) I go to school every day.
6) 두 개의 명사가 대구를 이루는 경우
ex) Rich and poor celebrate Christmas.
7) a kind of, a sort of, a type of 다음에 오는 명사 앞
ex) I hate this kind of movie.
8) 관용어구
ex) He erased my name on the list by mistake.
4. more 비교급
3음절이상의 형용사와 2음절로서 어미가 -ful, -able, -less, -ous, -ive, -ing 등으로
끝나는 단어는 more를 써서 비교급을 만든다.
ex) You are more efficient after napping.
5. 복수어미 생략: 복수형 명사가 수사 다음에 와서 형용사적으로 쓰일 때는 단수형으로 쓴다.
ex) A 20-minute nap can reduce information overload.
That is a three-act play.
6. 타동사 +부사일 때 목적어 어순
pick up, turn on, turn off, put on, give up, take off등의 『타동사 +부사』형태의 동사구는
목적어에 따라 어순이 달라진다.
1) 목적어가 명사인 경우: 동사 +부사 +목적어 또는 동사 +목적어 +부사
ex) Put on your clothes.(○) / Put your clothes on.(○)
2) 목적어가 대명사인 경우 : 동사 +목적어 +부사
ex) Cheer you up.(○) Cheer up you.(×)
참고) 『동사 +전치사』구문은 항상 『동사 +전치사 +목적어』형태를 취함
ex) Look for the hat.(○)
Look for it.(○)
Look it for.(×)
영어 2차시 2강
- 4 -
< 정 리 하 기 >
slow down / cheer up / 2형식 구문 / 관사 생략 / more 비교급 / 복수 어미 생략 / 타동사 +부사 어순
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Why children take naps
b. How to sleep deeply
c. Why napping is good
d. The problems with napping
2) According to the reading, what is not a benefit of napping?
a. It improves your memory.
b. It makes you feel happier.
c. It gives you more self-confidence
d. It makes you stronger.
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Ross: You are, you're welling up.
너 우는구나.
Monica: No.
아니야.
Ross: You're gonna be an aunt.
너는 고모가 될 거야.
well up: 분출하다, 솟아나다, 울다
gonna=going to

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영어 2차시 3강
- 1 -
영어
2차시 3강 A Bug's Sleep
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 조동사 do, every +단수명사, 현재 완료 진행, enough
어순, 시제일치, 동명사 용법을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 조동사 do
3. every+단수명사
4. 현재 완료 진행
5. enough 어순
6. 동사의 시제일치
7. 동명사
1. 본문읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
All animals need sleep...or do they? Every mammal needs it, as well as birds and
reptiles, such as snakes. Amphibians, like frogs, do not sleep. But what about
insects? Do they need sleep? Scientists have been trying to discover the truth
about insect "sleep" behavior for years. Scientists first thought insects did not need
sleep. According to them, the insect brain wasn't complex enough to need it.
Scientists said that some kinds of brain activity, like dreaming, were sleep
behaviors. Insects do not dream, so scientists said that they did not sleep. They
believed that insects "rested" instead. However, new studies have shown that some
insects may actually sleep.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Every mammal needs it, as well as birds and reptiles, such as snakes.
--> mammal: 포유 동물
B as well as A: A뿐만 아니라 B도(B강조)
reptile: 파충류
such as:~같은
Amphibians, like frogs, do not sleep.
--> amphibian: 양서류
frog: 개구리
영어 2차시 3강
- 2 -
But what about insects?
--> what about+명사/동명사:~하는 게 어떻습니까?
= How about~ing=what do you say to ~ing=What do you think about~ing=let's V
insect: 곤충
Scientists have been trying to discover the truth about insect "sleep" behavior for years.
--> scientist: 과학자
try to V:~하려고 노력하다
truth: 진리, 진실
behavior: 행동
for years: 여러 해 동안
According to them, the insect brain wasn't complex enough to need it.
--> according to:~에 따르면
brain: 두뇌
complex: 복잡한
enough: 충분히
Scientists said that some kinds of brain activity, like dreaming, were sleep behaviors.
--> activity: 활동
dream: 꿈을 꾸다
They believed that insects "rested" instead.
--> believe: 믿다
rest: 휴식을 취하다
However, new studies have shown that some insects may actually sleep.
--> however: 하지만
actually: 실제로
2. 조동사 do의 용법
1) 부정문, 의문문 만들 때
ex) Do they need sleep?
2) 대동사
ex) Who made this box?--John did.
3) 동사 강조
ex) I do hope she will be healthy again.
4) 도치 구문
ex) I love his picture.
So do I.
3. every+단수명사는 단수동사를 취한다.
ex) Every mammal needs it.
영어 2차시 3강
- 3 -
4. 현재완료 진행형: have(has) been +~ing
과거의 어느 시점에서 현재까지 동작이 계속되고 있으며, 그 동작이 미래까지 진행되는
것을 의미한다.
ex) Scientists have been trying to discover the truth about insect "sleep" behavior for years.
참고) 현재완료란? 현재의 한 시점을 기준으로 과거의 어느 시점에서부터 현재까지의 동작이나
상태를 나타내는 시제 표현
1) 현재 완료의 용법
(1) 완료 : 과거에 시작한 일이 현재 끝난 상황. just, already, now, yet 등의 부사와
함께 쓰이는 경우가 많음.
ex) She has just done her job.
(2) 경험 : 과거에서부터 현재까지의 경험. never, before, once, ever 등의 부사와 함께 쓰임.
ex) Have you ever seen a white tiger?
(3) 계속 : 과거에서 현재까지 어떤 동작이나 상태가 계속되는 것을 나타내며, since, for
등의 부사와 주로 쓰임.
ex) I have lived in New York for five years.
(4) 결과 : 과거의 동작이나 상태의 결과가 현재에도 영향을 미치는 경우
ex) I have lost my wallet.
2) 현재완료와 함께 쓸 수 없는 어구
현재에 중점을 두는 시제이기 때문에 명백한 과거를 나타내는 just now, ago, yesterday,
last 등의 부사와 의문사 when과는 함께 쓰일 수 없다.
5. enough 용법
1) 명사 +enough (○)
2) enough +명사 (○)
3) 형용사, 부사 +enough (○)
ex) According to them, the insect brain wasn't complex enough to need it.
4) enough +형용사, 부사 (×)
6. 시제일치
주절의 시제가 과거, 과거완료일 경우 종속절은 과거 또는 과거완료를 쓴다.
ex) Scientists first thought (that) insects did not need sleep.
Scientists said that some kinds of brain activity, like dreaming, were sleep behaviors.
So scientists said that they did not sleep.
They believed that insects "rested" instead.
참고) 주절의 시제가 현재, 현재완료, 미래인 경우 종속절은 내용에 따라 현재, 현재완료, 과거,
과거완료, 미래의 모든 시제를 쓸 수 있다.
ex) However, new studies have shown that some insects may actually sleep.
영어 2차시 3강
- 4 -
7. 동명사(Gerund): 동사+명사 기능을 지니고 있는 동사원형+~ing 형태
1) 주 어
ex) Traveling by air is very painful.
2) 보 어
ex) I am collecting antiques.
3) 타동사, 전치사의 목적어
ex) Some kinds of brain activity, like dreaming, were sleep behaviors.
< 정 리 하 기 >
조동사 do/every+단수명사/현재 완료 진행/enough 용법/시제일치/동명사
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is the main idea of the reading?
a. Fruit flies show sleep behavior.
b. Scientists were wrong.
c. Scientists have changed their view about insect sleep.
d. Animals die without sleep.
2) Why did scientists believe that insects did not need sleep?
a. Insects don't work hard.
b. Insects can't close their eyes.
c. Insects don't dream.
d. Insects don't live very long.
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Paul: Ever since she walked out on me, I, uh...
그녀가 나를 떠나버린 후 줄곧, 저는...
Monica: What?...What, you wanna spell it out with noodles?
뭐라고요?...당신은 그것을 국수 먹으면서 자세히 설명하길 원하나요?
ever since: 그 후 계속하여, 줄곧
walk out on: 떠나다, 버리다
wanna=want to
spell~out: ~을 상세하게 설명하다
noodle: 국수

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영어 3차시 1강
- 1 -
영어
3차시 1강 He Just Did It!
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 동명사, one of +복수보통명사, more, most 비교급, 최상급,
some / others, 물주구문, to 부정사의 형용사적 용법을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 동명사
3. one of + 복수보통명사
4. more, most 비교급, 최상급
5. some/others
6. 물주구문
7. to 부정사의 형용사적 용법
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Tiger Woods started playing golf when he was two. Now he is one of the most
famous professional golfers in the world. Tiger is from the United States. His
father is African-American and his mother is Thai. His real name is Eldrick, but
everyone knows him as Tiger, the nickname his father gave him. He started playing
golf professionally in 1996. He has won all four of the World Golf Championships.
He also holds the record for the most wins by a young player. One of his
favorite places to play is Pebble Beach.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Tiger Woods started playing golf when he was two.
--> play golf: 골프를 치다
Now he is one of the most famous professional golfers in the world.
--> famous: 유명한
professional golfer: 프로 골프 선수
Tiger is from the United States.
--> be from:~출신이다
His father is African-American and his mother is Thai.
--> African-American: 아프리카계 미국인
Thai: 태국인
His real name is Eldrick, but everyone knows him as Tiger, the nickname his father gave him.
--> nickname: 별명
know A as B: A를 B라고 알다
영어 3차시 1강
- 2 -
He started playing golf professionally in 1996.
--> professionally: 전문적으로
He has won all four of the World Golf Championships.
--> win-won-won: V. 이기다, 달성하다
championship: 옹호; 선수권 대회; 우승
He also holds the record for the most wins by a young player.
--> hold the record: 기록을 보유하다
the most wins: 가장 많은 승리, 우승
much-more-most
One of his favorite places to play is Pebble Beach.
--> favorite: 가장 좋아하는
pebble: 조약돌, 자갈; 마노; 수정
beach: 해변
2. 동명사(Gerund)
1) 동명사란? 동사(동사는 목적어, 보어를 가질 수 있으며, 부사의 수식을 받음)+명사(주어,
목적어, 보어)의 역할
(1) 기본형 : 동사원형 +~ing
cf) 예외적인 동명사 형태
- 1음절어로 단모음 +단자음으로 끝날 때: 자음자를 하나 더 쓰고 ~ing 붙임
ex) cut --> cutting, run --> running
- 단모음 +단자음으로 끝나는 2음절어로 후강세 : 자음자 하나 더 쓰고 ~ing 붙임
ex) omit --> omitting, refer --> referring
- ie +~ing -> ~ying
ex) lie --> lying, die --> dying
- 어미가 c로 끝나는 단어가 [k]로 발음 될 경우: k를 쓴 뒤 ~ing 붙임
ex) mimic --> mimicking, picnic --> picnicking
- 어미가 발음되지 않는 e로 끝날 경우: e를 생략하고 ~ing 붙임
ex) decide --> deciding, smoke --> smoking
(2) 동명사의 종류
- 단순형 능동태 : 동사원형+~ing
- 단순형 수동태 : being+과거분사
- 완료형 능동태 : having +과거분사
- 완료형 수동태 : having been+과거분사
2) 동명사의 용법
(1) 주 어
ex) Swimming in the morning will be good for my health.
(2) 보 어
ex) My hobby is reading a detective novel.
(3) 타동사나 전치사의 목적어
ex) I finished doing my homework.
영어 3차시 1강
- 3 -
(4) 관용 표현
There is no ~ing: ~할 수 없다
ex) There is no accounting for tastes.
It is (of) no use +~ing: ~해봤자 소용없다
ex) It is no use talking.
Of one's own+~ing: 자신이 직접 ~을 한
ex) This is a story of my own writing.
It goes without ~ing:~하는 것은 말할 필요도 없다
ex) It goes without saying that health is above wealth.
on ~ing: ~하자마자
ex) On seeing me, she ran away.
feel like ~ing: ~하고 싶은 기분이 들다
ex) I feel like shopping.
be busy ~ing:~하느라 바쁘다
ex) I am busy studying English.
cannot help ~ing: ~하지 않을 수 없다
ex) I cannot help falling in love with him.
What do you say to ~ing:~하는 게 어때?
ex) What do you say to playing golf after lunch?
be on the point of ~ing: 막 ~하려고 하다
ex) I am on the point of finishing my homework.
make a point of ~ing: ~하는 것을 규칙으로 삼다
ex) I make a point of taking exercise in the morning.
come near (to) ~ing:하마터면 ~ 할 뻔하다
ex) This loss came near (to) ruining her.
3) 동명사를 목적어로 취하는 동사
(1) 동명사와 to 부정사를 목적어로 취하는 동사
- 뜻이 같은 동사: begin, start, continue, like, hate
ex) He started playing golf=He started to play golf.
cf) 동명사는 일반적인 습관을 나타내며, 부정사는 일시적인 진술을 나타내는 경향이 있다.
ex) I like listening to classical music.
I like to listen to classical music now.
- 뜻이 달라지는 동사: remember, forget, try, stop
ex) I remember seeing her in Boston. <과거의 일>
I remember to see her in Boston. <미래의 일>
I tried to move the desk. <~하기 위해 노력하다>
I tried moving the desk. <시험삼아 ~을 해보다>
I stopped seeing the scene. <~하는 것을 멈추다>
I stopped to see the scene. <~하기 위해 멈추다>
(2) 동명사만을 목적어로 취하는 동사: enjoy, finish, give up, postpone, avoid, mind
ex) I enjoyed watching the movie yesterday.
영어 3차시 1강
- 4 -
3. one of + 복수 보통명사 : ~들 중의 하나
ex) Now he is one of the most famous professional golfers in the world.
One of his favorite places to play is Pebble Beach.
4. more, most 비교급, 최상급
3음절 이상의 형용사와 2음절로서 어미가 -ful, -able, -less, -ous, -ive, -ing 등으로
끝나는 단어인 경우 more, most를 써서 최상급으로 표현한다.
ex) famous - more famous - most famous
beautiful- more beautiful - most beautiful
5. some~, others : 집단의 한계가 막연
ex) Some people cannot play golf because of their ethnicity.
Others do not have enough money.
cf) some~, the others: 집단의 한계가 명확
ex) There are seven apples; some are red, and the others (are) green.
6. 물주구문 : 무생물이 주어인 구문
무생물주어+prevent(keep, restrain, prohibit, hinder)+목적어+from~ing
= 무생물주어+forbid+목적어+to 부정사
ex) His poverty prevented Tiger from playing golf.
= His poverty forbade him to play golf.
7. to 부정사의 형용사적 용법
1) 한정 용법 --> 명사나 대명사 직접 수식
ex) One of his favorite places to play is Pebble Beach.
He has no friend to help him.
2) 서술 용법 --> be to 부정사에서 to 부정사가 주어와 동격이 아닌 경우로
예정, 의무, 가능, 의도, 운명 용법이 있음.
- 예정 : ~할 예정이다
ex) We are to meet him in the park.
- 의무 : ~해야 한다
ex) You are to follow his instruction.
- 가능 : ~ 할 수 있다
ex) His house is to be seen from the building.
- 의도 : ~하려고 한다
ex) If you are to succeed, you must do your best.
- 운명 : ~할 운명이다
ex) She was never to see her son again.
영어 3차시 1강
- 5 -
< 학 습 정 리 >
hold the record, 동명사, one of+ 복수보통명사, more, most 비교급, 최상급,
some/others, 물주구문, to 부정사의 형용사적 용법
< 퀴 즈 >
1) Which is true about Tiger's parents?
a. Both of them are Asian.
b. His father is famous.
c. One of them is not from America.
d. Neither of them plays golf.
2) What record does Tiger hold?
a. The most wins by a young player
b. The fastest runner
c. The best golfer in the world
d. The first African-American golfer
3) Where does Tiger like to play golf?
a. Augusta
b. The United States
c. Pebble Beach
d. The World Golf Championship
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Monica: You mean you know Paul like I know Paul?
너도 내가 폴을 아는 것처럼 그를 알고 있다는 거니?
Frannie: Are you kidding? I take credit for Paul.
농담하는 거니? 나도 폴을 위해 쌓은 공적이 있어.
kid: 농담하다
take credit for: ~에 대해 공적이 있다

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

영어 3차시 2강
- 1 -
영어
3차시 2강 Too Many Boys?
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 부사, 과거완료, 시간의 전치사 till, by/since, from, to
부정사의 부사적 용법(목적)을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 부사
3. 과거완료
4. 시간 전치사
5. to 부정사의 부사적 용법
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Women usually give birth to more males than females. Around the world, the
ratio of boys to girls is between 1.04 and 1.07. That means there are between 104
to 107 male babies for every 100 female babies. But in many countries, males are
the preferred sex. In these countries, parents try to have male babies. For
example, in Korea in 1980, the ratio was 104 boys for every 100 girls, but by the
1990s the ratio had increased to 116 boys for every 100 girls. The ratio in India is
similar. Today, there are 108 Indian boys for every 100 girls. But in some areas of
India and China, there are 120 boys for every 100 girls.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Women usually give birth to more males than females.
--> give birth to: 낳다, 출산하다
Around the world, the ratio of boys to girls is between 1.04 and 1.07.
--> around the world: 전 세계적으로
ratio: 비율
between A and B: A와 B 사이에
But in many countries, males are the preferred sex.
--> preferred: 선호되는
In these countries, parents try to have male babies.
--> try to V:~하려고 노력하다
For example, in Korea in 1980, the ratio was 104 boys for every 100 girls, but by
the 1990s the ratio had increased to 116 boys for every 100 girls.
--> for example: 예를 들면
increase: 증가하다
영어 3차시 2강
- 2 -
The ratio in India is similar.
--> similar: 유사한
But in some areas of India and China, there are 120 boys for every 100 girls.
--> area: 영역, 지역
2. 부사(adverb)
1) 부사란? 동사, 형용사, 다른 부사(구나 절), 문장 전체 등을 수식
(1) 부사의 종류
- 단순부사: 때, 빈도, 장소를 나타내는 부사 ex) now, often, very, usually, barely
- 의문부사: 의문의 뜻을 나타내는 부사 ex) where, when, why, how
- 관계부사: 「접속사+부사」ex) where, when, why, how
(2) 부사의 형태
- 형용사+ly: ex) slow -> slowly
- -y+ly ->ily: ex) happy -> happily
- -le+ly ->-ly: ex) noble -> nobly
cf) whole -> wholly, sole -> solely
- -ue+ly ->-uly: ex) true -> truly
- -ll+ly ->-lly: ex) full -> fully
- -ic+ly -> -ically: ex) dramatic -> dramatically
cf) public -> publicly
(3) 형용사와 동일한 형태의 부사
early-이른; 일찍, late-늦은; 늦게, hard-힘든; 열심히, long-긴; 오래, well-건강한; 잘,
enough-충분한; 충분히
(4) 부사의 중복형
high-높은; 높이/highly-매우
hard-어려운, 단단한; 열심히/hardly-거의 ~하지 않다
near-가까운; 가까이/nearly-거의 ~할 뻔하다
late-늦은; 늦게/lately-최근에
pretty-예쁜; 꽤/prettily-예쁘게
dear-귀여운; 비싸게/dearly-진정으로
(5) 부사의 위치
- 장소, 방법(양태), 시간 부사
a) 자동사+양태부사: ex) She started immediately.
b) 타동사+목적어+양태부사: ex) She confessed her mistake frankly.
c) 타동사+양태부사+긴 목적어: ex) We heard clearly a voice like that of his wife.
- 빈도, 정도 부사-일반 동사 앞/조동사와 본동사 사이/be 동사 다음
* 빈도 부사 : 일명 횟수 부사라고도 하며, How often~에 대한 대답을 나타내는
부사로 always, generally, regularly, often, never, sometimes,
seldom 등이 있음.
* 정도 부사 : nearly, almost, still, barely 등이 있음.
ex) The preference for males can sometimes have a connection with
problems in society.
영어 3차시 2강
- 3 -
- 형용사, 부사, 구, 절 등을 수식하는 부사-수식하는 말 앞
ex) He gladly accepted her invitation.
- 문장 전체를 수식하는 부사-문장 첫 머리 또는 문장의 중간이나 끝
ex) Happily I passed the exam.
- 두 개 이상의 부사(구)-「장소+방법+시간부사」/「작은 단위+큰 단위」
ex) She came to Swiss by air last week.
He will visit you at six o'clock next Saturday.
3. 과거 완료: had+p.p
1) 과거 완료란? 과거의 어느 때를 기준으로 그 때까지의 동작, 상태의 완료, 경험, 계속,
결과등을 나타냄. 과거의 어떤 동작이 다른 동작보다 먼저 일어났음을
나타낼 때 사용하며, 과거의 어느 때보다 더 오래된 과거는 대과거라 칭함.
(1) 완료 : 과거 어느 시점까지의 완료
ex) I had read the novel when he came home.
(2) 경험 : 과거 어느 시점까지의 경험
ex) She had seen the movie twice before she was seventeen.
(3) 계속 : 과거 어느 시점까지의 계속
ex) She had been ill for three weeks when she died. (상태의 계속)
I had been waiting for two hours when he came home. (동작의 계속)
(4) 결과 : 과거 어느 시점까지의 결과
ex) My father had gone to Japan before I was born.
cf) hope, expect, think, intend 등의 과거완료는 과거의 이루지 못한 소망을 나타냄.
ex) I had hoped that he would succeed as a doctor.
4. 시간의 전치사 till, by/since, from
1) till(until)-~까지(동작의 계속)
ex) I will be here till seven.
2) by-~까지는(동작의 완료)
ex) I will be here by seven.
3) since-~이래 줄곧(과거에서 현재까지 계속)
ex) She has lived in New York since her birth.
4) from-~부터(출발점만 표시, 현재까지 계속의 뜻은 없음)
ex) She works hard from morning till night.
5. to 부정사의 부사적 용법: 목적(~하기 위해)
ex) A few countries are taking steps to solve the problem of more boys than
girls in society.
= A few countries are taking steps so as to solve the problem of more boys
than girls in society.
= A few countries are taking steps in order to solve the problem of more
boys than girls in society.
영어 3차시 2강
- 4 -
< 학 습 정 리 >
give birth to/around the world/부사/과거완료/시간 전치사/to 부정사의 부사적 용법(목적)
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is another possible title for the reading?
a. Japanese Prefer Girls
b. Countries in Asia
c. Giving Birth
d. The Preference for Males
2) What is the ratio of male babies to female babies in most countries?
a. 110 males:100 females
b. 104-107 males:100 females
c. 116 males: 100 females
d. 108 males: 100 females
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Rachel: I'm trained for nothing. 나는 어떤 훈련도 받지 못했어.
I was laughed out of twelve interviews today.
오늘 나는 12번의 인터뷰에서 비웃음을 당했지.
Chandler: And yet you're surprisingly upbeat.
그럼에도 너는 놀라울 정도로 행복해 보이는데.
Rachel: You would be too if you found John and David boots on sale, fifty percent
off!
만약 네가 존과 데이빗의 부츠가 50퍼센트 할인 한다는 것을 알게 되면, 너 역시
그럴걸.
be trained: 훈련을 받다
be laughed (at): 비웃음을 당하다
upbeat: 행복한

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

영어 3차시 3강
- 1 -
영어
3차시 3강 The Wright Way to Fly
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 부정사, 과거 시제, neither,명사, 종족대표, the +단수
보통명사를 살펴본다
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 부정사
3. 과거 시제
4. neither
5. 명사
6. 종족 대표
7. the+단수보통명사
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
The inventors of the first airplane were not scientists. In fact, they did not even
finish high school! The inventors of the first airplane were just ordinary brothers
with a big dream. They dreamed of flying. Wilbur and Orville Wright grew up in
Indiana in a large family. Neither of the brothers finished high school. They didn't
like sitting in class and reading. They wanted to make things, like machines. When
the brothers were 18 and 22 years old, they started up their own printing press
and bicycle shop.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
The inventors of the first airplane were not scientists.
--> inventor: 발명가
airplane: 비행기
scientist: 과학자
In fact, they did not even finish high school!
--> in fact: 사실
even: 심지어
finish: 마치다
The inventors of the first airplane were just ordinary brothers with a big dream.
--> ordinary: 평범한
dream: 꿈
They dreamed of flying.
--> dream of:~에 대해 꿈을 꾸다
영어 3차시 3강
- 2 -
Wilbur and Orville Wright grew up in Indiana in a large family.
--> grow up: 성장하다
grow-grew-grown
Neither of the brothers finished high school.
--> neither: 어느~도 아니다
They wanted to make things, like machines.
--> machine: 기계
When the brothers were 18 and 22 years old, they started up their own printing
press and bicycle shop.
--> start up:~을 시작하다
printing press: 인쇄소
2. 부정사
1) 부정사란? 주어의 인칭이나 수에 제한을 받지 않는 말이란 뜻으로 to의 유무에 따라 to
부정사와 원형부정사로 구별함. 부정사는 동사 본래의 성질을 가지고 있으므로
목적어, 보어 등을 취할 수 있으며, 문장에서는 명사, 형용사, 부사 역할을 한다.
(1) 명사적 용법 : 부정사가 명사처럼 주어, 목적어, 보어 역할을 하는 것
- 주어 : ex) To err is human, to forgive (is) divine.
* 오늘날 주어 자리에 부정사를 쓰는 것을 어색하게 생각하여 동명사, 가주어, 진
주어 구문을 쓰는 경향이 있음.
- 목적어: ex) They wanted to make things like machines.
- 보어: ex) To see is to believe.
- 동격: ex) I have one aim, to go to college this year.
(2) 형용사적 용법
- 한정용법: 명사, 대명사를 뒤에서 수식하는 경우
ex) Give me something to drink.
- 서술용법: be+to 부정사
ex) She is to sell her table. (She≠to sell her table) (예정)
You are to finish your homework by seven o'clock. (의무)
Not a sound was to be heard in the street. (가능)
He was never to see his parents again. (운명)
If you are to be rich, you should be frugal. (의도)
(3) 부사적 용법 : 부정사가 부사와 같이 동사, 형용사, 다른 부사, 문장 전체 등을 수식
- 목적 : ~하기 위해서
ex) I went to the library to meet Agnes.
- 결과 : ~하여 ~하다(무의지 동사: awake, live, grow up)
ex) She awoke to find herself famous.
I tried to go to college only to fail.
- 감정의 원인 : ~해서, ~하니
ex) I was surprised to find him in the street.
- 이유, 판단의 근거 : ~하다니
ex) She must be frank to say so.
영어 3차시 3강
- 3 -
- 조건 : 만일 ~라면
ex) I should be very glad to go skiing with you this winter.
- 양보 : 비록~하더라도
ex) To do my best, I could not pass the test.
- 정도 : ~하기에(형용사 다음)
ex) This juice is not fresh to drink.
(4) 독립부정사 : 관용적 표현으로 문장 전체 수식
ex) to tell the truth: 사실을 말하자면
to be frank with you: 솔직히 말하자면
so to speak: 말하자면
strange to say: 이상한 이야기지만
to do one justice: 공평히 말하자면
to begin with: 우선
to make matters worse: 설상가상으로
2) 부정사만을 목적어로 취하는 동사
want, wish, hope, expect, choose, decide, determine, refuse, pretend, manage,
offer, agree, promise, etc.
ex) He decided to teach himself about flying.
She promised to come here tonight.
3. 과거시제
과거에 시작하여 과거에 끝난 동작이나 상태를 표현하며, 주로 과거를 나타내는 어구
(ago, yesterday, last night 등)과 함께 쓰임
1) 과거의 동작, 상태, 습관
ex) The inventors of the first airplane were not scientists.
2) 과거의 습관적, 반복적 동작
ex) My grandfather would sit for hours reading a book.
3) 과거 완료 대용
ex) When he finished(=had finished) his homework, he went out to see his friends.
4) 역사적 사실
ex) World War II came to an end in 1945.
4. neither(not+either): 완전부정으로 ‘두 사람 중 어느 누구도 ~하지 못 한다’의 의미
ex) I do not know either of the brothers.
= I know neither of the brothers.
cf) not +both : 부분부정으로 ‘둘 다 ~한 것은 아니다’의 의미
ex) I do not know both of the brothers.
= I know one of the brothers.
영어 3차시 3강
- 4 -
5. 명사의 종류
1) 명사란? 사람, 동식물, 사물의 이름 등을 나타내는 말
(1) 고유 명사(Proper Noun) : 한 사람, 사물에 쓰는 고유 명칭. 항상 대문자
ex) John, Korea, Seoul etc.
(2) 보통 명사(Common Noun) : 일정한 형태가 있거나, 형태는 없지만 구분이 확실한 명사
ex) table, vase, house etc.
(3) 집합 명사(Collective Noun) : 여러 개체가 모인 집합체에 붙여지는 이름
ex) family, audience, committee, class, police, cattle etc.
(4) 물질 명사(Material Noun) : 일정한 형태가 없는 물질이나 사물의 명칭
ex) milk, water, wood, money, bread, coffee etc.
(5) 추상 명사(Abstract Noun) : 성질, 동작, 상태, 개념 등 구체적 형태 없이 추상적
의미를 나타내는 셀 수 없는 명사
ex) love, peace, beauty, truth, hope etc.
2) 명사의 수
(1) 규칙 변화하는 복수명사
- 명사 + s
ex) student --> students
- 어미가 -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z + es
ex) dish --> dishes
- 어미가 「자음+y」인 명사: y를 i로 고치고 -es
ex) lady --> ladies
- 어미가 「모음+y」인 명사 + -s
ex) day --> days
- 어미가 「자음+o」인 명사 + -es
ex) hero --> heroes
- 어미가 「모음+o」인 명사 + -s
ex) bamboo --> bamboos
- 어미가 -f, -fe인 명사: f, fe를 v로 고친 다음 -es
ex) knife --> knives
(2) 불규칙 변화하는 복수명사
- 모음 변화 복수형
ex) man-men, tooth-teeth
- 어미+en
ex) ox-oxen, child-children
- 단수형과 동일한 복수형
ex) fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese
- 라틴어, 그리스어에서 유래된 명사 복수형
ex) datum-data, basis-bases
- 복합명사 복수형: 주요 단어 복수
ex) passer-by --> passers-by, looker-on --> lookers-on
영어 3차시 3강
- 5 -
6. 종족 대표: 어떤 종족 전체를 나타내는 형식
1) A(an) +단수 보통명사(구어)
ex) A whale is a mammal.
2) The +단수 보통명사(문어)
ex) The whale is a mammal.
3) 복수 보통명사(구어)
ex) Whales are mammals.
7. The +단수보통명사 = 추상명사
ex) The pen is mightier than the sword.
He felt the father rise in himself at the moment.
< 학 습 정 리 >
start up/부정사/부정사 목적어 동사/과거 시제/neither/명사/종족대표/the+단수보통명사
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is another good title for this reading?
a. The First Glider
b. American Inventions
c. Two Brother's Dream
d. Gliders vs. Planes
2) What is the lesson of this story?
a. Flying is too difficult for ordinary people.
b. If at first you don't succeed, keep trying.
c. The airplane is an important invention.
d. Dreams can make you rich.
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Carol: Ross. You're not actually suggesting Helen Willick-Bunch-Geller?
로스. 당신은 정말로 헬렌 윌릭-번치-겔러를 제안하고 있는 건 아니죠?
'Cause I think that borders on child abuse.
왜냐하면 제 생각에 그것은 어린이 학대에 가까운 것 같거든요.
Ross: Of course not, I'm suggesting Geller-Willick-Bunch.
물론 아니죠. 저는 겔러-윌릭-번치를 제안하는 거예요.
suggest: 제안하다
border on:~과 비슷하다
child abuse: 아동학대

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영어 4차시 1강
- 1 -
영어
4차시 1강 Calling My Air Conditioner
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 to 부정사의 부사적 용법, 집합명사, 명사의 변형에 대해
살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. to 부정사의 부사적 용법(목적)
3. 복수취급 되는 집합명사
4. 집합적 물질명사
5. 물질명사의 보통명사화
6. 고유명사의 보통명사화
7. 추상명사의 보통명사화
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Cell phones are all around us. We use cell phones to call our friends, send text
messages, play games, and even take photographs. Now imagine using your cell
phone to call your air conditioner. Then you could tell your air conditioner to turn
on before you got home. Does this sound impossible to you? Well, it could become
possible sooner than you think. In the near future, we might use cell phones like
remote controls for the electrical devices in our homes.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Cell phones are all around us.
-->cell phone: 휴대 전화
all around: 도처에
We use cell phones to call our friends, send text messages, play games, and even
take photographs.
-->text message: 문자 메시지
play game: 게임을 하다
even: 심지어
take a photograph(of a person):~의 사진을 찍다
Now imagine using your cell phone to call your air conditioner.
-->imagine: 상상하다
air conditioner: 에어컨
Then you could tell your air conditioner to turn on before you got home.
-->turn on: 켜다
get home: 집에 도착하다
영어 4차시 1강
- 2 -
Does this sound impossible to you?
--> sound:~처럼 들리다
impossible: 불가능한
Well, it could become possible sooner than you think.
--> sooner: 더 일찍
In the near future, we might use cell phones like remote controls for the electrical
devices in our homes.
--> in the near future: 가까운 미래에
remote control: 리모컨
electrical device: 전기 장치
2. to 부정사의 부사적 용법(목적):~하기 위해서
ex) We use cell phones to call our friends.
=We use cell phones so as to call our friends.
=We use cell phones in order to call our friends.
=We use cell phones that we may call our friends.
=We use cell phones so that we can call our friends.
=We use cell phones in order that we will call our friends.
=We use cell phones for the purpose of calling our friends.
=We use cell phones with the view of calling our friends.
=We use cell phones with a view to calling our friends.
=We use cell phones with the intention of calling our friends.
=We use cell phones with the object of calling our friends.
3. 복수취급 되는 집합명사
① Police형 집합명사: police, clergy, nobility, peasantry
--> 보통 the와 함께 쓰이며 복수취급
ex) The police always drive up with their sirens howling.
② Cattle형 집합명사: cattle, people, poultry
--> 관사 없이 복수 취급
ex) Poultry are rare in these areas.
예외) people이 ‘국민, 민족’의 뜻일 경우 단수 취급
ex) a people, many peoples
4. 집합적 물질명사: furniture, baggage, merchandise, produce, game, clothing
① 부정관사 a나 an 사용불가
② 항상 단수 취급되며, 단수 동사 사용
③ 수를 나타낼 때 much, little, a lot of로 수식
④ 개체 수를 나타낼 때에는 a piece of, two pieces of 등으로 나타냄
ex) Jane has much antique furniture.
= Jane has many pieces of furniture.
= Jane has a lot of antique furniture.
영어 4차시 1강
- 3 -
5. 물질명사의 보통명사화
① 제품
glass(유리)--> a glass(유리잔), paper(종이)-->the paper(서류, 신문), copper(구리)-->
a copper(동전 한 개), silk(비단)--> silks(비단옷)
ex) Don't cut yourself on the broken glass!
Did you put the wine glasses on the desk?
② 개체
stone(돌)--> a stone(돌멩이 한 개), light(빛)--> a light(하나의 불빛)
ex) Light was streaming in through the window.
We see lights all along the shore.
③ 종류
wine(술)--> wines(여러 가지 술)
ex) In wine there is truth.
He has various wines.
④ 사건
fire(불)--> a fire(한 건의 화재사건)
ex) Fire destroyed part of the house.
There was a forest fire last night.
⑤ 물질명사가 한정 될 때 정관사 the 사용
ex) This is not beer, it is water!
The water in the bottle is transparent.
6. 고유명사의 보통명사화
① 국민 한 사람, 가족, ~집안 사람
ex) His mother is a Kennedy.
The Pitts moved to Africa.
② ~라는 사람
ex) A Mr. Kim wants to see you now.
③ 제품, 작품
ex) I bought a new Ford.
④ ~과 같은 사람, 사물
ex) He hopes to be a Kennedy in the future.
7. 추상명사의 보통명사화
① youth(젊음)--> a youth(젊은이)
ex) He was handsome in his youth.
They are promising youths.
② success(성공)--> a success(성공한 사람)
ex) He has had great success in his life.
He wants to be a success.
③ beauty(아름다움)--> a beauty(미인)
ex) She has great beauty.
She was the beauty of the ball.
영어 4차시 1강
- 4 -
④ failure(실패)--> a failure(실패자)
ex) The whole project ended in failure.
I don't want to be a failure as a writer.
< 학 습 정 리 >
turn on/off, to 부정사의 부사적 용법(목적), 복수취급 되는 집합명사, 집합적 물질명사,
물질명사의 보통명사화, 고유명사의 보통명사화, 추상명사의 보통명사화
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is the main idea of this reading?
a. In the future we will all need air conditioners.
b. Businesspeople need to use computers.
c. Some people like to make phone calls to machines.
d. We will use cell phones as remote controls in the future.
2) What are people in this reading calling?
a. A special computer
b. Various devices
c. Cell phone companies
d. Remote controls
3) When will people be able to use their cell phones as remote controls for their homes?
a. Now
b. Soon
c. In ten or fifteen years
d. Never
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Rachel: So anyway I just didn't know where to go, and I know that you
and I have kinda drifted apart, but you're the only person I knew who
lived here in the city.
그래서 어쨌든 나는 막상 어디로 가야 할지를 몰랐어. 그리고 너와 내가 말하자면
뿔뿔이 흩어져 살아왔었지만 너는 내가 이 도시(뉴욕)의 이곳에 살고 있다는 것을
아는 유일한 사람이었어.
Monica: Who wasn't invited to the wedding.
또한 (레이첼의) 그 결혼식에 초대 받지 못했던 사람이기도 하지.
kinda=kind of
drift apart: 제각기 흩어지다
be invited to~:~에 초대되다

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영어 4차시 2강
- 1 -
영어
4차시 2강 Bugs for Sale
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 명사의 수량표시, 가정법, 추상명사, 다양한 복수형 명사들에
대해 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 물질명사의 수량 표시 3. 추상명사의 수량표시
4. 법(Mood) 5. 가정법의 종류
6. 추상명사의 관용적 용법 7. 이중 복수
8. 분화 복수
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
How often have you gone to a vending machine to get a bag of chips? What if
you found a pair of live beetles instead? It may sound strange, but a company in
Japan sells large beetles through vending machines. The vending machine company
and nature conservationists disagree about selling beetles this way.
Many schoolchildren collect beetles in Japan. Other people also enjoy this hobby.
However, people are building houses where the beetles live. This destroys the
beetles' homes. Now, it is difficult to find the beetles in the wild. Since 1999, the
Mirai Seiko Company has been selling these beetles in vending machines.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
How often have you gone to a vending machine to get a bag of chips?
--> how often:얼마나 자주
vending machine: 자동판매기
a bag of chips: 감자튀김 한 봉지
What if you found a pair of live beetles instead?
-->what if: ~하면 어떻게 될까?
find: V. 발견하다(find-found-found)
a pair of~:한 쌍의
live beetles: 살아있는 딱정벌레들
instead: 대신에
It may sound strange, but a company in Japan sells large beetles through vending
machines.
--> strange: 이상한
company: 회사; 동석; 손님; 일행
sell: V. 팔다(sell-sold-sold)
large: 큰
through:~을 통해서
영어 4차시 2강
- 2 -
The vending machine company and nature conservationists disagree about selling
beetles this way.
--> nature conservationist: 자연보호론자
disagree: V. 동의하지 않다
this way: 이런 식으로
Many schoolchildren collect beetles in Japan.
--> schoolchildren: 학생들
collect: V. 수집하다(collected-collected)
Other people also enjoy this hobby.
--> also: 또한
enjoy: V. 즐기다(enjoyed-enjoyed)
hobby: 취미
However, people are building houses where the beetles live.
--> however: 그러나
build: V. 짓다(built-built)
This destroys the beetles' homes.
--> destroy: V. 파괴하다(destroyed-destroyed)
Now, it is difficult to find the beetles in the wild.
--> difficult: 어려운
the wild: 야생
2. 물질명사의 수량 표시
a piece/slice of bread(빵 한 조각)
a glass of milk(우유 한 잔)
a cup of coffee(커피 한 잔)
a school/shoal of fish(한 떼의 물고기)
a sheet/piece of paper(종이 한 장)
3. 추상명사의 수량표시
a piece of information(한 가지 정보)
a case of theft(한 건의 절도)
a bit of nonsense(한 마디 헛소리)
a stroke of luck(한 차례의 행운)
4. 법(Mood): 화자의 심리적인 태도에 의한 동사 표현 방식
① 직설법: 실제 사실을 있는 그대로 표현
ex) She is honest.
② 명령법: 명령, 요구, 금지 표현
ex) Don't forget to post the letter.
③ 가정법: 실제 사실에 대한 의심이나 반대상황 가정
ex) If I were in New York, I could meet Susan.
영어 4차시 2강
- 3 -
5. 가정법의 종류
① 가정법 현재: 현재나 미래에 대한 의심이나 불확실성을 나타냄
형식: If+주어+원형동사(또는 동사의 현재형), 주어+will/shall/can/may+원형동사
ex) If it rain(rains) tomorrow, I will not go shopping.
② 가정법 과거: 현재 사실의 반대 또는 실현 불가능한 일을 나타냄
*주의* 가정법 과거는 동사는 과거형을 쓰지만, 해석은 현재로 함
형식: If+주어+동사의 과거형(were, had, did), 주어+would/should/could/might+원형동사
ex) If I were not seriously ill, I could go to the movies.
③ 가정법 과거완료: 과거 사실과 반대되는 일 가정
*주의* 가정법 과거완료는 동사는 과거완료형이지만, 해석은 과거로 함
ex) If you had not helped him, he might have failed.
④ 가정법 미래: 미래에 대한 강한 의심, 의혹
a)If+주어+should+원형동사, 주어+will(would)/shall(should)/can(could)/may(might)+원형동사
*현재나 미래에 대한 강한 의심, 불신
ex) If it should rain tomorrow, I will postpone my departure.
b)If+주어+were to+원형동사, 주어+would/should/could/might+원형동사
* 실현 불가능한 미래의 가정
ex) If the sun were to rise in the west, I would not change my mind.
6. 추상명사의 관용적 용법
① of+추상명사=형용사구
of value=valuable(가치 있는)
of ability=able(유능한)
of wisdom=wise(현명한)
of use=useful(유용한)
② 전치사+추상명사=부사구
with kindness=kindly(친절하게)
in reality=really(사실상)
by accident=accidently(우연히)
to perfection=perfectly(완전하게)
on purpose=purposely(고의로)
③ 추상명사+itself=all+추상명사=very+형용사: 매우~한
She was beauty itself in her youth.
=She was all beauty in her youth.
=She was very beautiful in her youth.
7. 이중 복수: 뜻에 따라 달라지는 복수형
brother-->brothers(형제들)/brethren(종교상의 형제, 동포-->혈족상의 형제에게는 안씀)
genius-->geniuses(천재들)/genii(악마, 수호신)
cloth-->cloths(옷감, 천)/clothes(의복, 의류)
staff-->staffs(직원)/staves(지팡이, 막대기)
영어 4차시 2강
- 4 -
8. 분화 복수: 복수가 되면 단수형에 없는 새로운 의미를 갖게 되는 명사
air(공기)-->airs(건방진 태도)
ex) He put on airs.
arm(팔)-->arms(무기)
ex) He tried to appeal to arms.
manner(방법)-->manners(예절)
ex) Her children have such good manners.
custom(습관)-->customs(관세, 세관)
ex) He was a customs officer.
pain(고통)-->pains(노력, 수고)
ex) No pains, no gains.
< 학 습 정 리 >
a pair of/물질명사의 수량 표시/추상명사의 수량표시/법(Mood)/가정법의 종류/추상명사의
관용적 용법/이중 복수/분화 복수
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is another good title for this reading?
a. Expensive Beetles in Japan
b. Unusual Vending Machines
c. Japanese Beetles
d. Japanese Children's Hobbies
2) Who likes to collect beetles as pets?
a. Mirai Seiko
b. Many people in Japan
c. Only Japanese schoolchildren
d. Conservationists
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Paul: (over the intercom) It's, It's Paul.
저는 폴입니다.
Monica: Oh, God, is it 6:30? Buzz him in.
오, 이런, 벌써 6시 30분이야? 그를 들여보내.
buzz ~ in:~를 안으로 들여보내다

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

영어 4차시 3강
- 1 -
영어
4차시 3강 Television Terms
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 상호복수, 단수형 복수명사, 소유격, 이중소유격, 부정관사,
정관사를 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 상호복수
3. 단수형 복수명사
4. 소유격
5. 이중 소유격
6. 부정관사 a/an
7. 정관사 the
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Do you ever wonder where television words came from? Many TV terms come
from the combination of two words. Even the word television is made up of two
words. These words are Greek and Latin words meaning "far" and "to see."
One kind of television program is a soap opera. The first soap operas were stories
on the radio. Theses stories are serials. They are continuous and can go on for
many years. Soap companies first advertised their products during these shows on
TV. The soap companies knew lots of wives and mothers watched these shows.
And in fact, for some of the programs all of the commercials during the shows
were different kinds of soap. People then started calling these shows "soap
operas."
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Do you ever wonder where television words came from?
--> wonder: V. 의아하게 여기다, 궁금해 하다
Many TV terms come from the combination of two words.
--> term: 용어
combination: 결합, 조합
Even the word television is made up of two words.
--> be made up of:~으로 구성되어 있다
One kind of television program is a soap opera.
--> kind: 종류
soap opera: 연속 홈(멜로) 드라마
영어 4차시 3강
- 2 -
Theses stories are serials.
--> serial: 연속물, 연재물, 정기 간행물
They are continuous and can go on for many years.
--> continuous: 연속적인
go on: 계속되다
for many years: 여러 해 동안
Soap companies first advertised their products during these shows on TV.
--> advertise: V. 광고하다
product: 생산품
The soap companies knew lots of wives and mothers watched these shows.
--> lots of: 많은
And in fact, for some of the programs all of the commercials during the shows
were different kinds of soap.
--> in fact: 사실상
commercial: 광고방송
2. 상호복수: 두 개 이상의 것이 상호적으로 작용해야 하는 복수형
*exchange seats with: 자리를 바꾸다
ex) Would you exchange seats with him?
*take turns: 교대하다
ex) They took turns driving Jane's car.
*make friends with: 친구가 되다
ex) We made friends with our neighbors at once.
*be on good terms with:~와 사이가 좋다
ex) She has not been on good terms with her mother.
*shake hands with: 악수하다
ex) He refused to shake hands with me.
3. 단수 취급되는 복수명사
① 학과명: physics, mathematics, politics, economics
ex) Mathematics is my favorite subject.
② 복수형태 국가명: the United States, the Philippines, the Netherlands
ex) The Netherlands is full of tulips in May.
③ 시간, 거리, 가격, 중량을 하나의 단위 취급할 때
ex) Ten years is too long a time.
④ 복수형태의 서적이름
ex) Twice Told Tales is a very interesting book.
영어 4차시 3강
- 3 -
4. 소유격의 용법
① 사람이나 동물 --> -’s
ex) Tom's pen
② 무생물 --> of+명사
ex) The roof of the building is green.
③ -s로 끝나는 복수명사 --> apostrophe(’)
ex) a girls' high school
④ 어미가 -s로 끝나는 고유명사 --> ’s
ex) Keats's friend
예외) 고대 그리스인, Jesus, Moses, Socrates, Columbus --> apostrophe(’)
ex) Socrates' life
Moses' Ten Commandments
⑤ 복합명사/하나의 어군을 이루는 말 --> 마지막에 ’s
ex) his father-in-law's diary
The Queen of England's biography
⑥ 동격명사 --> 보통 뒤에 있는 동격명사+’s
ex) my sister Jane's picture
⑦ 개별소유 --> 두 사람 모두+’s
공동소유 --> 뒤에 오는 명사+’s
ex) John's and Lily's cameras
John and Lily's camera
5. 이중 소유격: a,an,this,that~+명사+of+소유대명사
a/an/this/these/that/those/some/any/no등은 소유격과 나란히 쓸 수 없음
ex) Gilbert is a friend of mine.
6. 부정관사 a/an 용법
① 하나(one)
ex) Rome was not built in a day.
② 대표단수
ex) A dog is a faithful animal.
③ 어떤~(a certain)
ex) A Mr. Brown came to see you last night.
④ 같은(the same)
ex) Birds of a feather flock together.
⑤ ~마다(per)
ex) I visit her once a month.
⑥ 약간(some)
ex) John looked at her at a distance.
영어 4차시 3강
- 4 -
7. 정관사 the의 용법
① 앞에 나온 명사 반복
ex) I bought a book. The book was interesting.
② 수식어구에 의한 한정
ex) The water in the lake was cold.
③ 전후 관계를 누구나 알 수 있는 경우
ex) Would you mind opening the window?
④ 시간, 수량 단위
ex) I will rent the apartment by the month.
⑤ 신체 일부
ex) Mr. Kim caught me by the hand.
⑥ 유일 무이한 것
ex) The universe is so vast.
⑦ 최상급, 서수, only, last, same 앞
ex) Today is the first day we have met.
The result will be the same.
⑧ 기계, 발명품, 악기
ex) He can play the violin.
⑨ 관용어구
ex) I get up early in the morning.
< 학 습 정 리 >
be made up of/상호복수/단수형 복수명사/소유격/이중소유격/부정관사/정관사
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Famous television programs
b. Meanings of television words
c. What people watch on television
d. How TV changed the meaning of words.
2) Why did soap companies choose to advertise during soap operas?
a. The stories were continuous.
b. The company liked the show.
c. Their customers watched them.
d. Commercials were not expensive.
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Rachel: You know, I figure if I can make coffee, there isn't anything I can't do.
너희들도 알다시피 나는 내가 커피를 만들 수 있다면, 내가 할 수 없는 것은 아무것
도 없다고 생각해.
Chandler: If I can invade Poland, there isn't anything I can't do.
만일 내가 폴란드를 침공할 수만 있다면, 내가 할 수 없는 것은 아무 것도 없지.
make coffee: 커피를 끓이다, 만들다
invade: V. 침입하다

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영어 5차시 1강
- 1 -
영어
5차시 1강 Borrowed Words
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 남성명사와 여성명사/통성명사와 중성명사/소유격의 의미/
무생물 소유격의 예외/이중소유격을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 남성명사/여성명사
3. 통성명사/중성명사
4. 소유격의 의미
5. 무생물 소유격의 예외
6. 이중소유격
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Do you often use shampoo? Do you put ketchup on your food? Have you ever
visited a sauna? If you think these words are originally English, you'd better think
again. In fact, each of these words comes from a different language! Shampoo, for
example, is actually a Hindi word and comes from India. This word originally meant
"massage." In hair shops in India, barbers massage your head while washing your
hair. Over time, British people in India came to use this word for the washing
liquid.
Almost everyone knows ketchup. People all over the world like to pour this
tomato sauce on their French fries or sandwiches. However, this word is originally
Chinese(from ketsiap, a fish sauce). In the 1600s, British and Dutch sailors brought
back this fish sauce to Europe. Over time, people added tomato flavor to it, but the
name remained basically the same.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Do you put ketchup on your food?
--> put A on B: A를 B위에 놓다
If you think these words are originally English, you'd better think again.
--> originally: 본래, 원래/had better + 동사원형: ~하는 게 더 낫다/again: 다시
In fact, each of these words comes from a different language!
--> in fact: 사실/come from:~에서 유래되다/different language: 다른 언어
Shampoo, for example, is actually a Hindi word and comes from India.
--> for example: 예를 들어/actually: 실제로/Hindi: 힌두어
영어 5차시 1강
- 2 -
This word originally meant "massage."
--> mean: V. 의미하다 (mean-meant-meant)
In hair shops in India, barbers massage your head while washing your hair.
--> hair shop: 이발소, 미용실/barber: 이발사/while:~는 동안
Over time, British people in India came to use this word for the washing liquid.
--> over time: 시간이 흐르면서, 시간이 지나서/come to V:~하게 되다/liquid: 액체
Almost everyone knows ketchup.
--> almost: 거의
People all over the world like to pour this tomato sauce on their French fries or
sandwiches.
--> all over the world: 전 세계에 걸쳐/pour: V. 쏟다, 붓다/French fries: 감자튀김
However, this word is originally Chinese(from ketsiap, a fish sauce).
--> however: 그러나/Chinese: 중국어/fish: 생선
In the 1600s, British and Dutch sailors brought back this fish sauce to Europe.
-->British: 영국의/Dutch: 네덜란드의/sailor: 선원/bring back: 가져오다
bring-brought-brought
Over time, people added tomato flavor to it, but the name remained basically the same.
--> flavor: 풍미, 향기/add A to B: A를 B에 첨가하다/remain: V. (~상태로) 남겨지다
basically: 기본적으로
2. 남성명사와 여성명사
① 분리형
ex) husband-wife
nephew-niece
bull-cow
② 남성명사 어미+ -ess
ex) prince-princess
heir-heiress
actor-actress
③ 기타
ex) bridegroom-bride
hero-heroine
he-goat-she-goat
3. 통성명사와 중성명사
① 통성명사: 남성, 여성 구분 없이 두루 쓰이는 명사
ex) parent, monarch, friend, spouse
② 중성명사의 의인화: 중성명사인 무생물을 의인화하여 남성명사 또는 여성명사로 사용
ex) 남성명사: sun, war, winter, death, day
여성명사: moon, peace, ship, nature, liberty
주의) 국가명은 경제, 사회, 문화적인 측면에서는 여성 취급하여 she로 받지만, 국토나 지리
영어 5차시 1강
- 3 -
적인 측면에서는 중성 취급하여 it으로 받는다.
ex) England is proud of her literary tradition.
America is rich in its natural resources.
4. 소유격의 의미
① 소유자
ex) Carrie's shoes
② 저자, 발명가
ex) Edison's phonograph
③ 대상:~를 위한
ex) a girls' high school=a high school for girls
④ 주격 관계: 행위의 주체
ex) The doctor's arrival=The doctor arrived.
⑤ 목적격 관계: 행위를 받는 것
ex) Caesar's murderers=Those who murdered Caesar
5. 무생물 소유격의 예외
① 무생물의 의인화
ex) Heaven's will/Fortune's smile
② 시간 명사
ex) today's paper/a day's journey
③ 거리 명사
ex) seven miles' distance/a hair's breadth
④ 가격, 무게
ex) a pound's weight/ten dollars' worth of pork
⑤ 관용적인 표현
for mercy's sake: 제발
ex) Be quiet for mercy's sake.
at one's fingers' ends: ~에 정통한
ex) She has French at her fingers' ends.
to one's heart's content: 마음껏
ex) I enjoyed myself to my heart's content.
for conscience' sake: 양심상(주의: for conscience's sake (×))
ex) I can't do that for conscience' sake.
6. 이중소유격
: a, an, this, these, that, those, some, any, no 등은 소유격과 나란히 쓰일 수 없으므로,
a, an, this~+명사+of+소유대명사 형태로 써야함
ex) It is no mistake of the doctor's.
He is a friend of mine.
영어 5차시 1강
- 4 -
< 학 습 정 리 >
over time/pour on/남성명사와 여성명사/통성명사와 중성명사/소유격의 의미/무생물 소유격의
예외/이중소유격
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is the main idea of this reading?
a. English words in other languages
b. Words from India
c. Usage of words from other languages in English
d. The most popular borrowed words
2) Which of the following words is from Hindi?
a. Shampoo
b. Sauna
c. Ketchup
d. Massage
3) What did the original word for ketchup mean?
a. A red tomato sauce
b. A hair shop
c. fish
d. A kind of fish sauce
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Chandler: Uh, if I were omnipotent for a day, I'd make myself omnipotent forever.
어, 내가 만일 하루 동안 전능한 힘이 있다면, 나는 내 자신이 영원히 전능할 수
있게 만들고 싶어.
Rachel: See, there's always one guy. "If I had a wish, I'd wish for three more wishes."
자, 항상 한 녀석이 있지. "만일 내가 한 가지 소원을 이룰 수 있다면, 나는 소원을
세 개 더 이룰 수 있게 하고 싶어“ (라고 말하는).
omnipotent: 전능한/forever: 영원히

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

영어 5차시 2강
- 1 -
영어
5차시 2강 Growing Deserts
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 독립 소유격, 신체 일부 표현, 고유명사와 정관사,관사 위치,
제거 박탈 동사, 총칭인칭을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 독립 소유격
3. 신체 일부 표현
4. 고유명사와 정관사
5. 관사 위치
6. 제거 박탈동사
7. 총칭인칭
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
There are deserts all over the world. Over half of Africa is desert land. There
are deserts in China and Latin America as well. The United States has deserts in
the southwest part of the country. In some places, deserts are growing. This is a
serious problem. Deserts destroy farmland. They also ruin land where animals live.
When people cannot grow food or find animals to eat, they have to leave their
homes.
Deserts spread for different reasons. Sometimes nature causes this problem. Wind
can move sand away from deserts and onto useful land. When there is no rain for
a long time, many plants can die. However, humans can also cause deserts to grow.
This is called desertification.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
There are deserts all over the world.
--> there is/are:~가 있다/desert: 사막/all over:~의 도처에
There are deserts in China and Latin America as well.
--> as well: 마찬가지로, 게다가
This is a serious problem.
--> serious: 심각한
Deserts destroy farmland.
--> destroy: V. 파괴하다/farmland: 농지
영어 5차시 2강
- 2 -
They also ruin land where animals live.
--> also: 또한/ruin: V. 파괴하다/animal: 동물
When people cannot grow food or find animals to eat, they have to leave their
homes.
--> grow: V.~을 재배하다
Deserts spread for different reasons.
--> spread: 퍼지다, 넓어지다/reason: 이유
Sometimes nature causes this problem.
--> sometimes: 때때로, 가끔/nature: 자연/cause:~을 초래하다
Wind can move sand away from deserts and onto useful land.
--> wind: 바람/move~away:~을 이동시키다/onto: ~위에/useful: 유용한
When there is no rain for a long time, many plants can die.
--> for a long time: 오랫동안/plant: 식물/die: V. 죽다
This is called desertification.
--> desertification: 사막화
# 주요 문법 연구
1) 독립 소유격
① 소유격('s) 다음에 오는 house, shop, office, store, palace등은 생략
ex) my aunt's (house)/the dentist's (office)/the grocer's (store)/St. Paul's(Cathedral)
② 같은 명사가 되풀이 될 때 반복을 피하기 위해 소유격 다음에 오는 명사 생략
ex) This bed is my sister's (bed).
2) 신체 일부를 표현하는 방법
① catch, seize, take, hold, grasp, grip=>S+V+사람+by the 신체 일부
ex) They held me by the hand.
② strike, hit, pat, tap, touch, kiss=>S+V+사람+on the+신체 일부
ex) She patted me on the shoulder.
③ look, gaze, stare=>S+V+사람+in the+신체 일부
ex) I looked her in the eye.
④ 기타 동사
ex) My mother embraced me round the neck.
He chucked the child under the chin.
3) 고유명사와 정관사
① 강, 바다, 선박, 해협
ex) The Han River/The Atlantic/The Mayflower
② 반도, 군도, 산맥
ex) The Korean Peninsula/The West Indies/The Alps
③ 복수 국가명
ex) The United States of America/The Philippines
④ 관공서, 공공건물
영어 5차시 2강
- 3 -
ex) The White House/The British Museum/The Red Cross
⑤ 철도, 항공기, 신문, 잡지, 학회
ex) The New York Times/The Royal Academy
⑥ 성질형용사+인명
ex) The ambitious Caesar/The cruel Macbeth/The mighty New York
⑦ 고유명사 한정
ex) The Seoul of the 20th century
주의) Seoul is the capital city of Korea.
4) 관사 위치
① so/as/too/how/however+형용사+부정관사(a,an)+명사
ex) I have never seen so honest a person.
It is too good a chance to be lost.
How beautiful a woman she is!
② such/half/rather/many/quite/what/whatever+부정관사(a,an)+형용사+명사
ex) I have never seen such an honest person.
She is quite a good cook.
What a beautiful woman she is!
③ all/double/both/half+정관사+명사
ex) All the professors attended the meeting.
I paid double the price for the picture.
5) 제거 박탈 동사
① rob A of B=deprive A of B: A에게서 B를 강탈하다
ex) He robbed me of my wallet.
=He deprived me of my wallet.
② strip A of B: A에게서 B를 벗기다, 몰수하다
ex) Monica stripped the house of its furniture.
③ rid A of B: A에게서 B를 제거하다
ex) I should rid my house of rats.
④ clear A of B: A에게서 B를 치우다
ex) I tried to clear my mind of doubts.
⑤ cure A of B: A에게서 B를 치료하다, 제거하다
ex) The doctor cured the child of a cold.
⑥ relieve A of B: A로부터 B를 제거하다, 훔치다
ex) A thief relieved him of his purse.
6) 총칭인칭
we, you, they 등이 막연한 일반인을 지칭할 때 번역할 필요 없음
ex) They say that he is passionate.
You should not speak ill of others.
We must not judge a person by his income.
영어 5차시 2강
- 4 -
< 정 리 하 기 >
all over/as well/독립 소유격/신체 일부 표현/고유명사와 정관사/관사 위치/제거 박탈 동사/
총칭인칭
< 퀴 즈 >
1) What is the main idea of the reading?
a. Where the world's deserts are
b. How people live in deserts
c. The different reasons for growing deserts
d. How cows can stop deserts from growing
정답: c
2) Where are deserts found?
a. Africa and Latin America
b. The United States and China
c. On useful land
d. Across the whole world
정답: d
< 잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막- >
Ross: You just nodded off again.
너 방금 또 꾸벅꾸벅 졸았어.
Monica: What's going on with you?
무슨 일 있니?
Phoebe: I got no sleep last night!
나는 어젯밤에 한 숨도 못 잤어.
nod off: 꾸벅꾸벅 졸다/go on: 계속 되다/get no sleep: 한 숨도 못자다/last night: 어젯밤

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영어 5차시 3강
- 1 -
영어
5차시 3강 The Importance of Water
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 대명사 It, 비인칭대명사 It, It~that 강조 구문, 재귀대명사,
that of/those of 용법
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 대명사 It
3. 비인칭대명사 It
4. It~that 강조 구문
5. 재귀대명사
6. that of/those of 용법
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Some doctors think that you should drink a glass of water each morning. You
should drink this water first thing before doing anything else. The temperature of
the water should be similar to body temperature; not hot, not cold. Why should you
drink this water? Water helps your body in many ways. It helps clean out your
kidneys. It prepares your stomach for digestion. Water can also help your intestines
work better. After drinking water, the intestines can more easily take out nutrients
from our food. And water helps us to go to the bathroom more easily.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Some doctors think that you should drink a glass of water each morning.
--> a glass of water: 물 한 잔
each morning: 매일 아침
You should drink this water first thing before doing anything else.
--> anything else: 그 밖에 다른 것, 일
The temperature of the water should be similar to body temperature; not hot, not
cold.
--> temperature: 체온, 기온
similar: 유사한
Water helps your body in many ways.
--> in many ways: 여러 측면에서
It helps clean out your kidneys.
--> clean out: 청소하다
kidney: 신장
영어 5차시 3강
- 2 -
It prepares your stomach for digestion.
--> prepare: V. 준비하다
stomach: 위장
digestion: 소화
Water can also help your intestines work better.
--> intestines: 장
good/well-better-best
After drinking water, the intestines can more easily take out nutrients from our
food.
--> more easily: 더욱 쉽게
take out: 꺼내다, 추출하다
nutrient: 영양소
2. It의 용법
① 앞에 언급된 명사
ex) I bought a vase, and gave it to my sister.
② 앞에 나온 구나 절
ex) You may be in trouble before you recognize it.
③ 가주어
ex) It will be difficult for him to master English in so short a time.
④ 가목적어
ex) I make it a rule to get up at six.
3. 비인칭대명사 It의 용법
① 날씨, 거리, 시간, 명암, 계절
ex) It is rainy today.
What time is it now?
② 막연한 상황, 상태
ex) How is it in the market?
We should fight it out to the end.
4. It~that 강조 구문
① 평서문 강조
ex) I met him in the park yesterday.
-> It was I that(=who) met him in the park yesterday.
-> It was him that(=whom) I met in the park yesterday.
-> It was in the park that(=where) I met him yesterday.
-> It was yesterday that(=when) I met him in the park.
② 의문문 강조
ex) What did he buy?
-> He bought what.
-> It was what that he bought.
-> What was it that he bought?
영어 5차시 3강
- 3 -
5. 재귀 대명사(Reflexive Pronoun)
① 재귀적 용법: -self형의 재귀대명사가 타동사나 전치사의 목적어로 쓰이는 경우
ex) She killed herself.
History repeats itself.
She prides herself on her cooking.
Please seat yourself.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
Tom absented himself from the conference.
Jane presented herself at the meeting.
John availed himself of that chance.
I accustomed myself to the new school.
He laughed at himself.
② 강조 용법: 재귀대명사를 생략해도 문장이 성립됨
ex) I myself did the work.
The house itself is nice.
③ 관용구
by oneself: 홀로
ex) I went to the park by myself.
for oneself: 혼자 힘으로/자기 자신을 위해
ex) I had to do it for myself.
of itself: 저절로
ex) The cell is reproductive of itself.
In itself: 본질적으로
ex) Advertising in modern times has become a business in itself.
to oneself: 자기 혼자에게만
ex) The magazine got the market all to itself.
beside oneself: 제 정신이 아닌
ex) He was beside himself with joy.
between ourselves: 우리끼리 이야기지만
ex) Between ourselves I will quit the job soon.
come to oneself: 의식을 찾다
ex) She came to herself after a while.
6. That of/Those of 용법
The climate of Korea is milder than that of China.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a wolf.
영어 5차시 3강
- 4 -
< 학 습 정 리 >
first thing/대명사 It/비인칭대명사 It/It~that 강조 구문/재귀대명사/that of/those of 용법
< 퀴 즈 >
1) Why is it helpful to drink water in the morning?
a. Your kidneys will work harder.
b. Your intestines will work well.
c. Your juices will be diluted.
d. Your urine will be pale yellow.
2) What could be another title for this reading?
a. Drink Water, Not Soft Drinks!
b. Drink During Meals
c. Drink Between Meals
d. Drink Enough Water.
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Rachel: So c'mon, you guys, tell me all the dirt.
그럼 얘들아, 나에게 모든 추문들을 말해주렴.
Kiki: Well, the biggest news is still you dumping Barry at the altar!
글쎄, 여전히 가장 놀라운 소식은 네가 배리를 결혼제단에서 차버렸다는 거야.
dirt: 음담패설, 뒷공론/dump: V. ~를 차버리다/altar: 제단

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영어 6차시 1강
- 1 -
영어
6차시 1강 Animal Forecasters
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 관사, not A till(until) B, 전자/후자, such/the same 용
법을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 관사 위치
3. not A till(until) B
4. 전자/후자 표현
5. such 용법
6. the same 용법
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Do you think animals can predict the weather or other natural events? Farmers
living in the countryside think so. For hundreds of years, they have observed
animals. They think animal's behavior can be connected to future weather
conditions or events. For example, if swans fly into the wind, a hurricane is
coming. Or, if cows lie down, a rainstorm is coming. There are many traditional
stories connecting animals and natural events. Many people think that these stories
are just folklore, traditional stories and beliefs without scientific evidence.
Scientists, however, are beginning to take another look at some of these ideas.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Do you think animals can predict the weather or other natural events?
--> predict: V. 예측하다/natural event: 자연현상
Farmers living in the countryside think so.
--> live in:~에 살다/countryside: 시골, 농촌 지역
For hundreds of years, they have observed animals.
--> hundreds of: 수 백 년 동안/observe: V. 관찰하다
They think animal's behavior can be connected to future weather conditions or
events.
--> behavior: 행동, 행위/be connected to: ~에 연관되다
For example, if swans fly into the wind, a hurricane is coming.
--> for example: 예를 들면/swan: 백조/fly into:~속으로 날아가다
Or, if cows lie down, a rainstorm is coming.
영어 6차시 1강
- 2 -
--> cow: 암소/lie down: 눕다/rainstorm: 폭풍우
There are many traditional stories connecting animals and natural events.
--> traditional: 전통적인
Many people think that these stories are just folklore, traditional stories and beliefs
without scientific evidence.
--> folklore: 민간전승, 민속학/scientific evidence: 과학적 증거
Scientists, however, are beginning to take another look at some of these ideas.
--> take another look: 다시 조사하다
2. 관사 위치
① so/as/too/how/however+형용사+부정관사(a, an)+명사
ex) The task cannot be done in so short a time.
She is as beautiful a woman as ever lived.
This is too good an opportunity to be lost.
How easy a problem this is!
② such/rather/half/many/quite/what/whatever+부정관사+형용사+명사
ex) I have never seen such a beautiful landscape.
That is rather an easy book.
The school is half a mile from here.
Many a man has failed.
She is quite a pretty girl.
What a nice house this is!
③ all/double/both/half+정관사(the)+명사
ex) All the mothers were present at the meeting.
I had to pay double the price for the present.
Both the sisters got married.
3. not A till(until) B: B하고 나서 A 하다
ex) The interview did not begin till(until) Angelina appeared.
=It was not till Angelina appeared that the interview began.
=Not till Angelina appeared did the interview begin.
4. 전자/후자 표현
전자: the one/the former/that
후자: the other/the latter/this
ex) Tom keep a cat and a parrot; He likes the one better than the other.
I prefer the latter expression to the former.
Of the two methods, this seems to be better than that.
영어 6차시 1강
- 3 -
5. such 용법
① 앞에 나온 어구나 문장을 받음
ex) She is a child and must be treated as such(such=a child).
Tigers eat meat; such animals are dangerous.
② such A as B=A such as B
ex) Such scientists as Newton are rare.
=Scientists such as Newton are rare.
A plan such as Jane proposes is unrealistic.
=Such a plan as Jane proposes is unrealistic.
③ 서술적 용법: 그러한 상태로
ex) Such is life!
He is not kind, only he seems such(=kind).
④ such~as to/such that: ~하리만큼
ex) I am not such a fool as to trust him.
His change was such that even his mother could not recognize him.
6. the same 용법
① 동일 한 것, 동일인
ex) Three of the girls had the same umbrella.
② 동일한 종류
ex) The present edition is the same as the original.
③ ~같은
ex) The patient is much the same as yesterday.
<학습정리>
take another look/관사 위치/not A till(until) B/전자/후자 표현/such 용법/the same 용법
<퀴즈>
1) What is the main idea of the reading?
a. What animals do during earthquakes
b. The many earthquakes of Japan
c. Effect of natural events on animals' actions
d. Folklore and other stories about animals
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Ross: Have you never done this before?
전에 이런 일을 해 본 적이 없니?
Rachel: Well, not myself, but I know other people that have. OK, you caught me.
I'm a laundry virgin.
내가 직접 해 본 적은 없지만, 다른 사람들이 한 다는 것은 알고 있지.
좋아. 네가 이겼어. 나는 세탁은 처음 해봐.
catch: (거짓말 등을) 간파하다/laundry: 빨래, 세탁/virgin: 처녀

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영어 6차시 2강
- 1 -
영어
6차시 2강 Fantastic Mind
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 부정대명사 One, One을 쓸 수 없는 경우, One, Other,
Another, Some의 용법을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 부정대명사 One
3. One을 쓸 수 없는 경우
4. One, Other, Another
5. Another
6. Some의 용법
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Hayao Miyazaki was born in Tokyo on January 5, 1941. As a boy, he liked to read
and draw cartoons. After graduating from university in 1963, Miyazaki joined the
Toei Animation Company. At Toei, he worked on many animated movies, like the
famous Puss in Boots. In 1984, he made Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind, which was
based on a comic book he wrote. Because this movie was so successful, Miyazaki
was able to start his own animation company, Studio Ghibli.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Hayao Miyazaki was born in Tokyo on January 5, 1941.
-->be born in:~에 태어나다
As a boy, he liked to read and draw cartoons.
-->draw:~을 그리다/cartoon: 만화 영화; 시사 만화, 풍자화
After graduating from university in 1963, Miyazaki joined the Toei Animation
Company.
-->graduate from:~을 졸업하다/join: 참가하다; 입회하다
At Toei, he worked on many animated movies, like the famous Puss in Boots.
-->animated: 활발한/animated movies: 만화 영화
famous: 유명한/puss: 야옹이/boot: 장화
In 1984, he made Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind, which was based on a comic
book he wrote.
-->valley: 계곡/be based on:~에 기초한/comic book: 만화책
write: V.~을 쓰다(write-wrote-written)
영어 6차시 2강
- 2 -
Because this movie was so successful, Miyazaki was able to start his own
animation company, Studio Ghibli.
-->successful:성공적인/be able to V:~을 할 수 있다
own: 자기 자신의/animation company: 만화 영화 회사
2. 부정대명사 One
① 일반인
ex) One must not neglect one's duty.
② a+단수 보통명사
ex) If you need a dictionary, I will lend you one(=a dictionary).
③ a certain(어떤)
ex) One fine Sunday, I bumped into John in the street.
④ 성질형용사, 지시형용사+one/ones
ex) I have an old house and three new ones(=three new houses).
3. One을 쓸 수 없는 경우
① 명사, 대명사의 소유격 다음
ex) Your house is larger than Tom's. (Tom's one=>X)
② 셀 수 없는 명사(물질, 추상명사) 다음
ex) I like red wine better than white. (white one=>X)
③ 기수, 서수 다음
ex) As I have read the first volume, I will read the second. (the second one=>X)
④ of 앞 형용사의 비교급, 최상급 다음
ex) She is the taller of the two.
4. One, Other, Another
① one/the other
ex) There are two apples; one is red and the other green.
② the one/the other
ex) Vice and virtue are before you; the one leads to misery, the other to
happiness.
③ one/another(=a second)/the other
ex) There are three balls. One is red, another is blue, and the other (is) green.
④ one/another/a third/the other
ex) There are four people. One is a musician, another a doctor,
a third a lawyer, and the other a professor.
⑤ some/others
ex) Some people like classical music; others don't.
⑥ some/the others
ex) There are five students; some speak English, and the others Korean.
영어 6차시 2강
- 3 -
5. Another=an+other
① 또 하나의(one more)
ex) Will you have another cup of coffee?
② 다른(different)
ex) One man's meat is another man's poison.
③ 그와 같은 사람
ex) If I am a fool, you are another.
④ 별개의 것
ex) To say is one thing, to do is quite another.
⑤ each other: (둘 사이) 서로
ex) We love each other.
⑥ one another: (셋 이상) 서로
ex) They help one another.
6. Some의 용법
① 긍정문
ex) Give me some apples.
② 긍정의 답을 예측하거나 권유하는 의문문
ex) Will you lend me some money?
Will you have some milk?
③ 어떤(a certain)
ex) She is living in some village in France.
<학습정리>
be based on/부정대명사 One/One을 쓸 수 없는 경우/One, Other, Another/Another 용법
/Some 용법
<퀴즈>
1) What is the main idea of this reading?
a. The movie My Neighbor Totoro
b. The education of Hayao Miyazaki
c. The most famous movie in Japan
d. The works of Hayao Miyazaki
2) How did the success of Nausicaa help Miyazaki?
a. He could start his own studio.
b. He could publish a comic book.
c. He could join Toei Animation.
d. He could work on more movies.
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Chandler: I hit her in the eye! I hit her in the eye! This is the worst break-up
in the history of the world.
내가 그녀의 눈을 가격했어! 내가 그녀의 눈을 가격했다구!
이건 세계 역사상 최악의 결별일거야.
Phoebe: Oh my god. How many of those have you had?
오, 이런. 너는 얼마나 많이 헤어졌었는데?
hit a person in the eye:~의 눈을 치다/break-up: 결별

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영어 6차시 3강
- 1 -
영어
6차시 3강 Seeing Red
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 any, none/no, -thing/-body, 직접/간접 의문문, 수사 의
문문, 부가 의문문을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. any 용법
3. none/no 용법
4. -thing/-body
5. 직접/간접 의문문
6. 수사/부가 의문문
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Bright colors stir up active feelings. For example, the color red can cause people
to feel excited. In fact, red can even make a person feel hungrier. Yellow can
increase energy. Therefore, a room with strong red and yellow colors would be a
good place to eat a lot of food quickly. On the other hand, darker colors, like blue
and green, are peaceful. Colors like blue can help people calm down. A blue room
can be a good place to study, since people can concentrate more easily. However,
it is easier to nod off in a blue room than in a red one.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Bright colors stir up active feelings.
--> bright: 밝은/stir up:~을 자극하다, 선동하다/active: 적극적인
For example, the color red can cause people to feel excited.
--> for example: 예를 들면/excited:흥분된
In fact, red can even make a person feel hungrier.
--> in fact: 실제로/even: 심지어
Yellow can increase energy.
--> increase: V. ~을 증가시키다
Therefore, a room with strong red and yellow colors would be a good place to eat
a lot of food quickly.
--> therefore: 그러므로/a lot of:~많은/quickly: 재빨리
On the other hand, darker colors, like blue and green, are peaceful.
--> on the other hand: 한편으로/ dark: 어두운, 짙은/peaceful: 평화로운
영어 6차시 3강
- 2 -
Colors like blue can help people calm down.
--> calm down: 침착해지다
A blue room can be a good place to study, since people can concentrate more
easily.
--> since:~하기 때문에/concentrate:~에 집중하다/more easily: 더욱 쉽게
However, it is easier to nod off in a blue room than in a red one.
--> nod off: 꾸벅꾸벅 졸다
2. Any 용법
① 의문문
ex) Is there any wine left in the bottle?
② 조건문
ex) If you have any pencils, will you lend me one?
③ 부정문
ex) I don't have any books.
④ 긍정문일 경우: 어떤 ~라도
ex) You may borrow any book you like.
3. None/No
① 부정대명사 none=no one: 아무도 ~않다/어느 것도 ~않다=>단수 또는 복수 취급
ex) There were none present.
None of my friends has a car.
None of their promises have been kept.
② 형용사 no=>I have~/There is~ 문형에서는 not+any 대신 「조금도 ~아닌」의미
ex) I have no sister.
There is no reason to be afraid.
4. -thing/-body
① everything: 가장 중요한 것(사람)
ex) Money isn't everything.
② something: 상당한 것(사람)
ex) There is something in what he says.
③ anybody(somebody): 중요한 인물
ex) Is she anybody?
주의) anybody가 긍정문에 쓰이면 ‘누구든지’의 의미
ex) He doesn't lend his books to anybody.
④ nothing: 하찮은 것(사람)
ex) He is nothing, if not kind.
영어 6차시 3강
- 3 -
5. 직접의문문/간접의문문
① 직접의문문: 의문사+동사+주어
ex) Who is that girl?
② 간접의문문: 의문사+주어+동사
ex) Do you know who that girl is?
주의) think/believe/imagine/guess/suppose 같은 동사는 의문사를 문두로 보냄
ex) Who do you think that girl is?
6. 수사 의문문(Rhetorical Question)/부가 의문문(Tag Question)
(1) 수사 의문문(Rhetorical Question)
정의: 의문문의 형태로 자신의 말을 강하게 표현하는 것이며,
긍정이면 부정의 뜻을, 부정이면 긍정의 뜻이 됨.
ex) Who knows the fact?=Nobody knows the fact.
Who does not know the fact?=Everybody knows the fact.
(2) 부가 의문문(Tag Question)
정의: 주로 회화체에서 쓰이며, 주절의 문장이 긍정이면 부정의 부가의문을,
부정이면 긍정의 부가의문을 사용함
ex) Susan has a piano, doesn't she?
You don't have a house, do you?
He hasn't finished his homework, has he?
주의) 명령문의 부가의문은 주절이 긍정이든, 부정이든 항상 will you? 이나
권유의 뜻으로 쓰이는 명령문에서는 won't you?가 일반적임
ex) Do your homework right now, will you?
Have a glass of warm milk, won't you?
<학습정리>
stir up, calm down, nod off, any 용법, none/no 용법, -thing/-body, 직접/간접 의문문,
수사 의문문, 부가 의문문
<퀴즈>
1) What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Colors are important.
b. Managers should wear black.
c. Colors can affect feelings.
d. People do not see colors well.
2) Where would red and yellow be most useful?
a. In an office
b. In a health club
c. In a department store
d. In a fast food restaurant
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Ross: You got the clothes clean. Now that's the important part.
너는 그 옷들을 깨끗하게 만들었어. 이제 그것이 중요한 부분이지.
Rachel: Oh, I guess. Except everything looks like jammies now.
오, 나도 그렇게 생각해. 모든 것이 지금 파자마처럼 보인다는 것을 빼곤 말이야.
except:~을 제외하고/look like:~처럼 보이다/jammies: 파자마(pajamas)

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영어 7차시 1강
- 1 -
영어
7차시 1강 Worth Collecting
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 관계대명사 who, which, that 용법을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 관계대명사 정의
3. 관계대명사 who
4. 관계대명사 which
5. 관계대명사 that
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
What would you do if your classmate told you that he was a philatelist?
Would you be worried? Would you call a doctor? Would you call the police?
Actually, there is no reason to be concerned. A philatelist is just a person who
collects stamps!
Stamp collecting has been around for well over one hundred and fifty
years. Adhesive postage stamps (stamps with glue on the back) were introduced in
London in 1840. Soon after that, people began to collect them. Today, according to
Boy's Life magazine, stamp collecting is the most practiced hobby in the world.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
What would you do if your classmate told you that he was a philatelist?
--> classmate: 급우/tell-told-told: V.말하다/philatelist: 우표 수집가
Would you be worried?
--> be worried(about): 걱정하다
Actually, there is no reason to be concerned.
--> actually: 실제로/reason: 이유/be concerned: 걱정하다
A philatelist is just a person who collects stamps!
--> collect: V. 수집하다/stamp: 우표
Stamp collecting has been around for well over one hundred and fifty years.
--> be around: 존재하다/over:~을 넘어
Adhesive postage stamps (stamps with glue on the back) were introduced in London
in 1840.
-->adhesive: 점착성의, 끈끈한, 잘 들러붙는/postage: 우편 요금/glue: 아교, 접착제
be introduced: 도입되다
영어 7차시 1강
- 2 -
주 격 소유격 목적격
사람 who whose whom
동물/사물 which whose(of which) which
사람/동물/사물 that - that
사물(선행사 포함) what - what
Soon after that, people began to collect them.
-->soon: 곧/ begin-began-begun: V. 시작하다
Today, according to Boy's Life Magazine, stamp collecting is the most practiced
hobby in the world.
-->according to:~에 따르면/magazine: 잡지/most practiced: 가장 실용화된/ hobby: 취
미
2. 관계대명사: 접속사+대명사
① 관계대명사의 역할: 앞에 나오는 명사나 대명사를 대신해 주는 대명사 역할과 뒤에 나
오는 절을 그 명사나 대명사에 결합시켜주는 접속사 역할. 이 때
관계 대명사가 이끄는 절의 수식을 받는 명사, 대명사는 선행사.
② 관계대명사의 종류
3. 관계대명사 who의 용법: 선행사가 사람일 때 관계대명사가 이끄는 형용사절에서 관계대
명사가 주어 역할을 하면 who, 소유격 역할을 하면 whose, 목
적어 역할을 하면 whom(who)이 사용됨
ex) Do you know the girl? She is taking a picture.
-> Do you know the girl who is taking a picture?
We know the boy. His sister lives in Mexico.
-> We know the boy whose sister lives in Mexico.
The woman was a famous actress. We met her in the park.
-> The woman whom we met in the park was a famous actress.
4. 관계대명사 which의 용법: 선행사가 동물이나 사물인 경우에 쓰임. 주격, 목적격은
which, 소유격은 of which/whose 임.
ex) This is the watch. It was made in China.
-> This is the watch which was made in China.
The fish is still alive. Tom caught it last night. <동사의 목적어>
-> The fish which Tom caught last night is still alive.
This is the house. Jane lives in it. <전치사의 목적어>
-> This is the house which Jane lives in.
This is the house in which Jane lives.
Look at the roof. The top of it is decorated with flowers.
-> Look at the roof the top of which is decorated with flowers.
Look at the roof of which the top is decorated with flowers.
영어 7차시 1강
- 3 -
Look at the roof whose top is decorated with flowers.
5. 관계대명사 that 용법: 소유격을 제외하고 who나 which를 대용함.
① 선행사가 사람, 동물, 사물의 모든 경우에 사용.
I know the boy. He is picking up the waste paper.
-> I know the boy that(who) is picking up the waste paper.
② 주격과 목적격의 형태가 같으며, 소유격은 없음.
I like the cat. John gave it to me.
-> I like the cat that(which) John gave to me.
③ 제한적 용법에만 쓰이며, 계속적 용법에는 쓸 수 없음.
He had a son, that became a doctor. (x)
④ 전치사의 목적격으로 쓰인 that 앞에는 전치사가 올 수 없음.
This is the house. Mary was born in it.
-> This is the house that(which) Mary was born in. (O)
This is the house in which Mary was born. (O)
This is the house in that Mary was born. (x)
<학습정리>
관계대명사 who/which/that 용법
<퀴즈>
1) What does a philatelist enjoy?
a. Collecting stamps
b. Determining the value of things
c. Writing letters
d. Introducing new stamps
2) According to the reading, which of the following is true?
a. People in the 1800s collected stamps.
b. The first stamps were made in England.
c. Boy's Life is a magazine for philatelists.
d. Most people collect stamps with people on them.
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Chandler: Oh please, could she be more out of my league?
오 제발, 그녀는 나에게 훨씬 더 과분할까?
Ross, back me up here.
로스, 여기서 나를 좀 지지해줘.
Ross: He could never get a woman like that in a million years.
그는 아마 백만 년 후에도 그와 같은 여자를 얻을 수 없을 걸.
out of one's league: ~에게 과분한 / back~up:~를 후원하다, 지원하다

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영어 7차시 2강
- 1 -
영어
7차시 2강 No Cash? No Problem
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 관계대명사 that의 특별용법, that 용법, 관계대명사 what
과 관용어구등을 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. 관계대명사 that의 특별용법
3. that 용법
4. 관계대명사 what과 관용어구
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
As technology continues to develop, people are changing the way they pay
for things. Many of us have a cash card or a credit card, but more and more
people carry a cashless card-a computerized "smart card." These lucky people
never have to look for money, or cart around a heavy wallet full of coins. With
these cards we are one step closer to a more convenient and cashless society.
This idea behind cashless card is to get rid of small change and save time.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
As technology continues to develop, people are changing the way they pay for
things.
--> technology: 과학 기술/continue: V. ~을 계속하다/develop: V. 발전하다
change: V. ~을 변화시키다/pay for:~에 대한 값을 지불하다
Many of us have a cash card or a credit card, but more and more people carry a
cashless card-a computerized "smart card."
--> cash card: 현금 카드/credit card: 신용 카드/more and more: 더욱 더 많은
carry: V. 지니다/cashless card: 현금 없는 카드, 무현금 카드
computerized: 전산화된/smart: 영리한, 고성능의/smart card: 플라스틱 은행카드
These lucky people never have to look for money, or cart around a heavy wallet
full of coins.
--> lucky: 행운의/have to V:~을 해야 한다/look for:~을 찾다
cart around: ~을 가지고 돌아다니다/heavy: 무거운/wallet: 지갑
(be) full of:~으로 가득한/coin: 화폐, 경화
With these cards we are one step closer to a more convenient and cashless
society.
--> step: 단계/convenient: 편리한/society: 사회
영어 7차시 2강
- 2 -
This idea behind cashless card is to get rid of small change and save time.
--> idea: 의견, 생각/behind:~의 배후에, 뒤에/get rid of:~을 제거하다
small change: 소액의 잔돈/save: V. 시간을 절약하다
2. 관계대명사 that의 특별용법
① 선행사가 「사람+동물」, 「사람+사물」일 때
ex) A woman and her cat that were crossing the street were injured.
Do you know the man and his car that I saw yesterday?
② 선행사가 형용사의 최상급이나 서수사인 경우
ex) He is the greatest actor that Korea has ever produced.
She is the first woman that became a pilot in Korea.
③ 선행사에 all, every, any, no 등이 있을 경우
ex) All that glitters is not gold.
Everyone that goes to the graduation ceremony looks happy.
Anyone that attends the meeting will get a small present.
He has no friend that can support his plan.
④ 선행사에 the same, the very, the only 등이 오는 경우
ex) This is the same watch that I gave her.
He is the very man that I am looking for.
She is the only person that I can depend on.
⑤ 의문대명사 who, which, what이 선행사인 경우
ex) Who that has common sense can do such a thing?
Adopt which idea that you like.
I'll lend you what few books that I have on the subject.
3. that 용법 정리
① 지시대명사
ex) That will do.
Jim makes mistakes, and that very often.
② 지시형용사
ex) Give me that pencil.
③ 지시부사
ex) I can't run that far.
④ 접속사
ex) I knew the fact that he didn't show up last night.
⑤ 강조 구문
ex) It was a book that I bought yesterday.
⑥ 관계대명사
ex) Here is a fish that I caught this morning.
⑦ 관계부사의 대용
ex) Tom earned $ 100 each Friday that(=when; on which) he worked.
영어 7차시 2강
- 3 -
4. 관계대명사 what과 관용어구
1) 관계대명사 what: 선행사+관계대명사
* 그 자체에 선행사를 포함하고 있는 관계대명사로 문장에서 주어, 목적어, 보어
역할을 함. 명사절을 이끌며 that처럼 소유격이 없음.
that which/all that/anything that/the thing which와 같은 용법임.
① 주어
ex) What he says is true.
② 목적어
ex) I will do what I can.
③ 보어
ex) He is not what he was.
2) what의 관용어구
A is to B what(=as) C is to D/what C is to D, A is to B
=Just as C is to D, so is A to B: A와 B의 관계는 C와 D의 관계와 같다
ex) Reading is to the mind what(=as) exercise is to the body.
=What exercise is to the body, reading is to the mind.
=Just as exercise is to the body, so is reading to the mind.
<학습정리>
cart around/get rid of/관계대명사 that의 특별용법/that 용법/관계대명사 what
<퀴즈>
1) What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Why students don't have money
b. Why cash is not necessary now
c. University life
d. How to use a cashless card
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Joey: Okay, okay, fine! Make jokes.
좋아, 좋아, 좋아. 맘껏 놀려.
I don't care!
난 신경 안 쓸 거야.
This is a big break for me!
이건 나에게 아주 큰 기회야.
Ross: You're right, you're right, it is...
네가 옳아, 네가 옳아, 그것은 정말 그렇지.
So you gonna invite us all the big opening?
그래서 너는 우리 모두를 그 엄청난 시사회에 초대할 거니?
make a joke: 놀리다/big break: 큰 기회/gonna=going to의 단축형
invite: V. ~를 초대하다/opening: 시사회, 개막식

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영어 7차시 3강
- 1 -
영어
7차시 3강 Rich Dogs
* 학습목표
1. 다양한 단어 및 숙어 표현과 what 관용어구, 관계대명사의 한정적, 계속적 용법, 관계
대명사의 생략과 예외를 살펴본다.
* 목 차
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
2. what 관용어구
3. 관계대명사의 한정적 용법과 계속적 용법
4. 관계대명사의 생략과 예외
1. 본문 읽기 및 다양한 어휘 표현
Sandy is just a mutt, but she is a mutt with a bright future. Sandy is going to
inherit $5 billion! If you think that's a lot of money for a dog, let me tell you about
Dollar. Dollar is the heir to a fortune of more than $24 billion! Actually, neither
Sandy nor Dollar is real. They are dogs in children's stories. However, there are
real dogs with fortunes. They got their fortunes from their rich owners.
<다양한 어휘 표현>
Sandy is just a mutt, but she is a mutt with a bright future.
--> mutt: 잡견/bright: 밝은/future: 미래
Sandy is going to inherit $5 billion!
--> be going to V:~을 할 예정이다/inherit: V. 상속하다/billion: 10억
If you think that's a lot of money for a dog, let me tell you about Dollar.
--> if: 만일~/a lot of: 많은/about:~에 관해서
Dollar is the heir to a fortune of more than $24 billion!
--> heir: 상속인/fortune: 재산/more than:~이상
Actually, neither Sandy nor Dollar is real.
--> actually: 사실상/neither A nor B: A도 B도 아닌/real: 실제의
They are dogs in children's stories.
--> children: 아이들(단수형: child)
However, there are real dogs with fortunes.
--> however: 그러나
They got their fortunes from their rich owners.
--> get: V.~을 얻다(get-got-got)/rich: 부유한/owner: 소유자
영어 7차시 3강
- 2 -
2. what 관용어구
① what you call=what we call=what they call=what is called: 소위, 이른 바
ex) She is what you call a walking dictionary.
② what is+비교급: 더욱~한 것은
what is more: 그 위에 또, 게다가
ex) He learns easily, and, what is more, he remembers what he has learnt.
what is better: 더욱 좋은 것은
ex) She is beautiful, and what is better, warm-hearted.
what is worse: 더욱 나쁜 것은
ex) He lost his way, and what was worse, he couldn't find his compass.
③ what with A and (what with) B: 한편으로 A 때문에, 또 한편으로 B 때문에
ex) What with drink and what with fright he did not know much about the facts.
④ what by A and (what by) B: 한편으로는 A에 의해서, 또 한편으로는 B에 의해서
ex) What by threats and what by entreaties, John achieved his aim.
3. 관계대명사의 한정적 용법과 계속적 용법
1) 관계대명사의 한정적 용법
* 관계대명사가 이끄는 형용사절이 선행사를 수식하고 제한 또는 한정하는 용법으로
선행사와 관계대명사 사이에 comma(쉼표)가 없음.
ex) She had two sons who became lawyers.
2) 관계대명사의 계속적 용법
* 관계대명사 앞에 comma가 있으며, 선행사를 받아서 그것을 설명하는 용법. 계속적
용법의 관계대명사는 접속사(and, but, for, though)+대명사의 형태로 고칠 수 있음.
① I met a girl, who gave me a rose.
->I met a girl, and she gave me a rose.
② I met Tom, who did not tell me the information.
-> I met Tom, but he did not tell me the information.
③ I admire Susan, who always keeps her word.
-> I admire Susan, for she always keeps her word.
④ The farmer, who is poor, is honest.
-> The farmer, though he is poor, is honest.
4. 관계대명사의 생략과 예외
1) 관계대명사의 생략
① 타동사나 전치사의 목적어로 쓰일 때
ex) This is the girl (whom) we met in the park.
I have no friend (whom) I can rely on.
② 관계대명사가 주격 보어나 목적격 보어로 쓰일 때
ex) She is not the woman (that) she was ten years ago.
I am not such a fool (that) she thought me (to be).
영어 7차시 3강
- 3 -
③ 형용사(구), 현재분사, 과거분사 앞의 「주격 관계대명사+be 동사」
ex) The pictures (which are) on the table were taken by my brother.
The man (who is) standing by the house is my uncle.
I received a letter (which was) written in French.
④ 관계대명사+there is/there are
ex) He taught me the difference (that) there is between right and wrong.
She is one of the greatest scholars (that) there are in the world.
⑤ There is/Here is/It is/What is/Who is로 시작되는 구문에서
ex) There is a woman (who) wants to meet you.
Here is the girl (that) gives you a glass of milk.
It was he (that) sent the letter to me.
What was it (that) brought you here?
Who was it (that) made the box?
2) 관계대명사 생략의 예외
① 관계대명사의 계속적 용법
ex) I gave a letter to the gentleman, whom I knew well.
② 전치사+관계대명사
ex) This is the house in which she was born.
③ of which가 어느 부분을 나타날 때
ex) She wrote many novels, some of which were very famous.
<학습정리>
what 관용어구/관계대명사의 한정적, 계속적 용법/관계대명사의 생략과 예외
<퀴즈>
1) What could be another title for this reading?
a. Taking Care of Your Dog
b. Homeless Dogs
c. Dog Millionaires
d. Expensive Dogs
<잠깐 쉬어가기-시트콤 프렌즈(Friends) 대사중 한 토막->
Joey: Y'know, I've done nothing but crappy plays for six years.
너희도 알다시피 나는 6년 동안 오로지 시시한 연극만 해왔어.
And I finally get my shot, and I blow it!
그리고 마침내 좋은 기회를 얻었지. 그런데 그것을 날려버렸다구!
Monica: Maybe this wasn't your shot.
아마도 이번 일은 너에게 좋은 기회가 아니었을 거야.
nothing but: 단지/crappy: 시시한, 아주 엉망인/get one's shot: 좋은 기회를 얻다
blow: V.좋은 기회를 놓치다